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BIO 171 - First Exam - 2019
Multiple Choice.
Place the letter of the choice that best answers the
question on the line to the left.
Two Points Each. NOTE: “e” answers are never the correct
answer.
_______ 1. When comparing a solution of
pH 13 to one of pH 11, the pH 11
solution is
a. Twice as basic
b. Twice as acidic
c. 100 times more basic
d. 100 times less basic
e. Not as tasty
_______ 2. Which type of molecular bond
has the smallest role in living systems?
a. Ionic
b. Polar
c. Covalent d.
Hydrogen
e. Super Glue
_______ 3. Hydrogen atoms are
transferred in most
a. Oxidation reactions
b. Membrane pumps
c. Osmotic transfers
d. Exergonic Reactions
e. Stock transactions - it’s in the very small print
_______4. In an enzyme-catalyzed process that
combines three substrates to get one
product, the process can be stopped with least effort by
removing
a. The product
b. Any one of the substrates
c. All three substrates
d. The membrane confinement
e. Its will to live
_______5. In biological systems, group transfer
potential most often involves
a. Oxidation
b. Amino acids
c. Reduction
d. Phosphates
e. Boy bands
_______6. D-glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase,
if broken down, would yield
a. Sugars
b. Amino acids
c. Nucleotides
d. Water
e. If you threatened it
_______7. Chaperonins are involved in
a. DNA translation to protein
b. Protein secondary structure
c. Protein tertiary structure
d. Building nuclei
e. Very violent parties in historical Japan
_______8. An active site is a kind of
a. Domain
b. Prosthetic group
c. Cofactor
d. Complex
e. Site of activity
_______9. The main difference between
digestible plant starch and indigestible
plant fiber like cellulose is
a. Only the fiber has a ring structure
b. In their hydrophilic areas
c. How the amino acids interact on the secondary level
d. In the linkages between the sugars
e. How they affect certain unmentionable processes
_______10. The R group of an amino
acid attaches to
a. The Carboxyl group
b. The Amino group
c. The Central or alpha carbon
d. All of these
e. The closest molecule with money and a hot car
_______11. Artificial sweeteners taste
sweet but are not broken down by enzymes for
absorption because of variations in
a. Overall charge
b. Stereospecificity
c. Carbohydrate content
d. Hydrophobicity
e. How serious the diet is
_______ 12. A Q10 is a
relationship between
a. Reaction rate and substrate
b. Enzyme and substrate
c. Reaction rate and temperature
d. Enzyme and temperature
e. A “Q” and a “10"
_______13. Producers, compared
to consumers, have
a. Equal biomass and numbers of species
b. More biomass and fewer species
c. Less biomass and more species
d. Less biomass and fewer species
e. Does this ecosystem make by biomass look fat-?
_______14. NAD, when it moves electrons to new
acceptors, would be a(n)
a. Enzyme
b. Reducing agent
c. Oxidizing agent
d. Inhibitor
e. Moving company
_______15. Liquid water
is most dense
a. At its freezing point, 0oC
b. At its boiling point, 100oC
c. It’s always equally dense
d. At 4oC
e. In the brains of exam-taking biology students
_______16. A gene relates to _______
protein structure in a ________ base-to-amino acid ratio.
a. ....Primary...3 to 1
b. ...Secondary...3 to 1
c. ....Primary...1 to 3
d. ...Secondary...1 to 3
e. ....some sort of...I-don’t-care to you-can’t-make-me
_______17. Carbon dating uses
a. Radioactive isotopes to determine the ancientness of biological materials
b. The bonding properties of carbon to determine an organism’s age
c. The breakdown ratio of water and DNA
d. Rates of electron loss to neutron number
e. One of the Internet’s weirdest chatrooms
_______18. When a reaction reaches
equilibrium,
a. It stops
b. Both forward and backward rates are the same
c. Substrate and product concentration is the same
d. All of these
e. It usually puts in for retirement
Short Answer.
Pick NINE questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than nine, only the first nine
will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.
1. Explain why a
Michaelis-Menten curve levels off.
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| 2. Give the components (and
how many of each) of a typical
lipid molecule. |
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| 3. Other than their initials, what
are two sets of significant differences between
DNA and RNA? |
| DNA |
RNA |
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| 4. Show the nucleotides on the
other strand of the DNA - |
DNA T
G C T A C C G T A
T T G G C G A G T
C A T C G
Other DNA
Strand:
________________________________________________________________________________ |
5. Briefly
explain what a hydration shell is.
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| 6. What are two different
major biological molecule types that are polymers? |
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7. Briefly
explain the nature of the double bond in O2.
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| 8. What are two things in
non-coding DNA that are still some kind of code? |
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9. What is
it about molecules like amino acids
and nucleic acids be considered acids?
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| 10. What are two reasons
why the dynamic equilibrium point would be
significantly different for an enzyme-mediated
reaction, as opposed to the non-enzyme version. |
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11. If two molecules are
isomers, what does that mean?
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| 12. What are two of
the three components of a nucleotide? |
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| 13. What are two different
protein classes that are communication
signals? |
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| 14. What are two general, different
functions based upon a match-up of
complementary shapes that are commonly performed by
proteins? |
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15. What is meant by a
turnover number?
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| 16. A saturated
organic molecule, compared to an unsaturated one, would
have |
MORE-
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FEWER -
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Long Answer.
Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four
will be corrected.
Seven Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
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1.
For four functional organic molecule
groups, give
the
name, then show the arrangement of atoms in enough detail to demonstrate
completely how each group works. |
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2.
All for the most common
isotope – |
18.98
F
Fluorine
# 9
Column
7
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How many
protons?
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How many
neutrons?
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Typical
ion form?
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How many
electrons?
(Radical
form)
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three basic different properties of water
and for each, briefly
explain a role that property plays in biological systems (this
could be an example). |
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PROPERTY |
Role in biological
systems |
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4. Briefly
describe three different ways that enzymes
can be inhibited.
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5. Using the numbers of bonds as a
guide, fill in the symbols for either Carbon,
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, or Oxygen. |
Can't recreate
the original hand drawing. Practice by filling in bonds...
O O O
O O O O
O O O
O O |
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6. Below is a graph showing how enzyme activity,
measured through the rate of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme,
reacts to changes in pH (NOT
temperature!). Fill in: A) The name
given to the pH where the graph peaks; B)
Why the graph peaks there;
C) and D) What's happening to
the enzyme molecules as the rate drops off (C)
below the peak; and (D) above the peak. |
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* A
*
*
*
*
Reaction
C *
* D
Rate
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*****
******
B
pH ---->
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7.
Name and give a
brief description
for the four levels of protein
structure. |
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Link to Answer Key
BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the rest of the
exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.
How did Mendeleev, the “periodic table guy,” get to where
his talents could be best expressed? Three Points.
You have to figure this out – why do different types of
radiation emitted from unstable nuclei have very different abilities to
penetrate biological tissue? Three Points.
Water is commonly used in hydraulic systems because it is
essentially incompressible. Why would this be true? Three Points.
How would the pOH scale work? Three Points.
Which functional organic groups have recently become known
to be very important to cellular chemistry? Three Points Each.
Why, probably, is almost every organism’s actin close to
identical? Three Points.
In the lab, why did the Benedict’s test require added heat?
Three Points.
Although many catalysts work on a reaction in both forward
and backward directions, many enzymes do not. For Three Points, why?
Why would an enzyme’s affinity increase with a drop in
temperature? Three Points.
What was Mr. McDarby’s job between high school and college?
Three Points.
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