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BIO 171 - Second Exam - 2019
Multiple Choice.
Place the letter of the choice that best answers the
question on the line to the left.
Two Points Each. NOTE: “e” answers are never the correct
answer.
_______ 1. An antenna complex
is made up of
a. Glucose b. Chlorophyll
c. ATP d. Receptor
e. If I had antenna, I would have a complex about it
_______ 2. In sulfur-using
anaerobes, the sulfur acts as a(n)
a. ATP generator b. Glycolysis
initiator c. Electron acceptor
d. Glucose substitute
e. Gassy excuse to blame the dog
_______ 3. Uniformitarianism is usually
applied to processes from
a. Prokaryotes b. Eukaryotes
c. The future d. The past
e. Military fashion
_______ 4. Which is involved in a critical step of
apoptosis?
a. Cell membrane
b. Golgi body
c. Lysosome
d. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
e. That’s a made-up word
_______5. A niche could be described as a
a. Job b. Location
c. Ecosystem d. Gender
e. Something that needs to be scratched
_______6. Selective breeding
of domestic animals and plants is also called
a. Ontogeny b. Survival of the
fittest c. Artificial selection
d. Culling
e. The lucky and the unlucky
_______7. An artifact is a
a. Result of the actual process / design of experimenting
b. Part of the laboratory apparatus
c. Second- or third-hand observation
d. Characteristic of living cells.
e. Is a true thing that Arthur told you
_______8. The most driving force for
evolutionary change is the rate of
a. Group isolation
b. Condition change
c. Point mutations
d. Isolation distance
e. Can I drive, can I drive PLEASE?????
_______9. Which process generates the most
ATPs?
a. Glycolysis
b. Krebs cycle c. Calvin cycle
d. Electron transport chain
e. The P production queue
_______10. In which are the evolutionary ”trees”
focused on critical features?
a. Genetics b.
Cladistics c. Linnaean
d. Systematics
e. Creature feature
_______11. Which is NOT considered an
MTOC?
a. Ribosome b. Basal body
c. Centriole d. Centrosome
e. I guess I’m supposed to know what that stands for…
_______ 12. An experimental variable
changes
a. During the experiment
b. Between the experimental test and the control test
c. Only if the results make it change
d. So that all of your experimental tests are different
e. Or it wouldn’t be called a variable
_______13. The relationship between volume and
surface area comes into a discussion of
a. Microscope resolution b. Cell
size limits c. Lens magnification
d. Cell group classification
e. Very science-y diets
_______14. At the end of virtually every
respiration process there is a(n)
a. Electron donor
b. Phosphorylating agent
c. Enzyme
d. Electron acceptor
e. Molecule to ask “Are you done?”
_______15. Which contains a type of
prokaryote chromosome?
a. Nucleus b. Nucleolus
c. Chloroplast d. Golgi body
e. Prokosomeus
_______16. The most common form of academic peer
review happens at which stage?
a. Designing the experiment
b. Running the experiment
c. Publishing the results
d. Drawing conclusions from the results
e. Whenever you least expect it - they’re like parents that way
_______17. When the results of an
experiment contradict the hypothesis, what
scientific term is applied?
a. Negative results
b. Null hypothesis
c. Contraindication
d. Error plane
e. Doh!
_______18. How a scientist’s culture
affects their study design and expectations is
a. Anthropological analysis b.
Broad-base bias c. The first level of
blinding
d. Postmodernism
e. Not something we’re supposed to talk about
Short Answer.
Pick NINE questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than nine, only the first nine
will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.
1. Explain what this
means: ontogeny recapitulates phlogeny.
|
| 2. What are two distinctly different
types of ways that observations can be made? |
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|
|
3. Put the following groups in order from
the largest to the smallest: Class, Domain, Family, Genus,
Kingdom, Order, Phylum, Subclass, Superorder. (No species on the
list) |
|
1 |
4 |
7 |
|
2 |
5 |
8 |
|
3 |
6 |
9 |
4. What are the main
features or conditions where C4 plants
have evolved?
|
| 5. What are the two most common
beam types used in microscopes? |
|
|
| 6. What are the three major
nitrogenous waste molecules? |
|
|
|
| 7. What are the three major
impacts of overpopulation, according to
Malthus? |
|
|
|
8. What are
emergent properties?
|
| 9. The two features that
any “good” hypothesis should have: |
|
|
| 10. What are two different
components of the cytoskeleton? |
|
|
11. Briefly define
paraphyletic.
|
| 12. Darwin noticed that
how much living things differed
between an island and the mainland seemed connected to
two relationships. What were they? |
|
|
| 13. What are two different
reasons why an experiment has to be done as a
field test? |
|
|
| 14. What are the first two steps
to the process of glycolysis? |
|
|
| 15. Give two major sets of
differences between |
| PROKARYOTES |
EUKARYOTES |
| |
|
| |
|
| 16. Give two different advantages
that quantitative data has over qualitative
data. |
|
|
Long Answer.
Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four
will be corrected.
Seven Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
|
1. For
the two steps of photosynthesis, give the
names of the steps and for
each, list all of the types of energy and/or materials input and
output. |
|
First Step -
|
Input -
|
|
Output -
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Second Step -
|
Input -
|
Output -
|
| 7. Give
the steps that, according to the Theory of Evolution by
Natural Selection, should happen between the steps given.
|
| The environment
around a population changes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The new population is different enough to
be considered a new species. |
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3.
Answer for asexual reproduction: |
|
BASIC
DEFINITION
|
|
ADVANTAGE
Compared to Sexual
|
DISADVANTAGE
Compared to Sexual |
|
EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGY
To Compensate for Disadvantage
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4. At the points labeled with the stars, attach the
appropriate labels from this list:
Violet. X-Ray. InfraRed. Red. Blue. Ultraviolet. |
High Frequency \ Visible Range / Low Frequency
* * / * * * \ *
|
| 5. What are four different ways that
anaerobic organisms impact humans? |
|
|
|
|
| 6. For three different types of
vesicles or vacuoles, give the name
and function. |
|
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|
|
|
|
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7.
Give two different rules
that apply specifically to each in
binomial nomenclature: |
FIRST
WORD |
|
|
SECOND
WORD |
|
|
ENTIRE
NAME |
|
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LINK TO
ANSWER KEY
BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose
points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is
possible.
Briefly explain the molecular reason why Red Bull has
several B vitamins. Three Points.
What is ferredoxin? Three Points.
Glycolysis breaks glucose “in half,” but only two carbons
feed into the next step. Why? Three Points.
Why do lipids have so many Calories? Three Points.
Why is it extremely difficult to come up with effective
treatments for viruses? Three Points for Each reason.
Why was Karl known as “Carolus”? Three Points.
Which basis for determining taxonomic relationships and
“trees” will probably be the generally-used system in the near future? Three
Points.
Why did the South-Sea Islanders have such weird sex
practices? Three Points.
The concept of postmodernism got its start in what area of
human production? Three Points.
In science, what’s wrong with anecdotal evidence? Three
Points.
Why did Darwin take every opportunity to get off the HMS
Beagle? There are two reasons, for Three Points Each.
What did “plasm” originally mean? Three Points.
BIO 171 - Second Exam - 2019
Answer Key
Multiple Choice.
Place the letter of the choice that best answers the
question on the line to the left.
Two Points Each. NOTE: “e” answers are never the correct
answer.
___B___ 1. An antenna complex
is made up of
a. Glucose
b. Chlorophyll
c. ATP d. Receptor
e. If I had antenna, I would have a complex about it
...it "gathers" light and funnels electrons to a reaction center.
___C___ 2. In sulfur-using
anaerobes, the sulfur acts as a(n)
a. ATP generator b. Glycolysis
initiator
c. Electron acceptor
d. Glucose substitute
e. Gassy excuse to blame the dog
...as Hydrogens carry electrons while ATP gets made, a material
like sulfur "waits" at the end to pick up depleted ones.
___D___ 3. Uniformitarianism is usually
applied to processes from
a. Prokaryotes b. Eukaryotes
c. The future d. The past
e. Military fashion
...often to figure out how longs things have happened using rates
determined for current conditions.
___C___ 4. Which is involved in a critical step of
apoptosis?
a. Cell membrane
b. Golgi body
c. Lysosome
d. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
e. That’s a made-up word
...release of digestive enzymes "helps" a cell kill itself.
___A___5. A niche could be described as a
a. Job b. Location
c. Ecosystem d. Gender
e. Something that needs to be scratched
...it's a job in an ecosystem, usually done by a particular species there.
___C___6. Selective breeding
of domestic animals and plants is also called
a. Ontogeny b. Survival of the
fittest c. Artificial selection
d. Culling
e. The lucky and the unlucky
...to fit the term into the whole "selection family" of terms.
___A___7. An artifact is a
a. Result of the actual process / design of experimenting
b. Part of the laboratory apparatus
c. Second- or third-hand observation
d. Characteristic of living cells.
e. Is a true thing that Arthur told you
...something you set up or did actually produced results you thought
came from your variable.
___B___8. The most driving force for
evolutionary change is the rate of
a. Group isolation
b. Condition change
c. Point mutations
d. Isolation distance
e. Can I drive, can I drive PLEASE?????
...that's why one of the strongest associated rates to evolution rate is
how quickly condtions change.
___D___9. Which process generates the most
ATPs?
a. Glycolysis
b. Krebs cycle c. Calvin cycle
d. Electron transport chain
e. The P production queue
...in both respiration and photosynthesis.
___B___10. In which are the evolutionary ”trees”
focused on critical features?
a. Genetics
b.
Cladistics c. Linnaean
d. Systematics
e. Creature feature
...leading to cladograms where diverging branches are labeled for
features.
___A___11. Which is NOT considered an
MTOC?
a. Ribosome b. Basal body
c. Centriole d. Centrosome
e. I guess I’m supposed to know what that stands for…
...which of these does not make microtubules?
___B___ 12. An experimental variable
changes
a. During the experiment
b. Between the experimental test and the control test
c. Only if the results make it change
d. So that all of your experimental tests are different
e. Or it wouldn’t be called a variable
...and that difference allows the interpretation that differences in results
are due to the changes in the variable.
___B___13. The relationship between volume and
surface area comes into a discussion of
a. Microscope resolution
b. Cell
size limits c. Lens magnification
d. Cell group classification
e. Very science-y diets
...volume being internal chemistry and surface being input & outgo in
support of that chemistry.
___D___14. At the end of virtually every
respiration process there is a(n)
a. Electron donor
b. Phosphorylating agent
c. Enzyme
d. Electron acceptor
e. Molecule to ask “Are you done?”
...yeah, this was sort of asked before - writing exams over several days
will get that, sometimes.
___C___15. Which contains a type of
prokaryote chromosome?
a. Nucleus b. Nucleolus
c. Chloroplast d. Golgi body
e. Prokosomeus
...the deciding detail in convincing folks of the endosymbiont hypothesis.
___C___16. The most common form of academic peer
review happens at which stage?
a. Designing the experiment
b. Running the experiment
c. Publishing the results
d. Drawing conclusions from the results
e. Whenever you least expect it - they’re like parents that way
...particularly for research done in universities, with fewer true peers.
___B___17. When the results of an
experiment contradict the hypothesis, what
scientific term is applied?
a. Negative results
b. Null hypothesis
c. Contraindication
d. Error plane
e. Doh!
...often a much stronger concept in design than you would think.
___D___18. How a scientist’s culture
affects their study design and expectations is
a. Anthropological analysis b.
Broad-base bias c. The first level of
blinding
d. Postmodernism
e. Not something we’re supposed to talk about
...essentially about who the person is affecting what they make.
Short Answer.
Pick NINE questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than nine, only the first nine
will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.
1. Explain what this
means: ontogeny recapitulates phlogeny.
...the mistaken idea that a
developing embryo (ontogeny) actually relives (recapitulates) its
evolutionary history (phylogeny). |
| 2. What are two distinctly different
types of ways that observations can be made? |
DIRECT through one's own senses.
|
INDIRECT through other people.
INDIRECT using devices that sense
things people can't. |
|
3. Put the following groups in order from
the largest to the smallest: Class, Domain, Family, Genus,
Kingdom, Order, Phylum, Subclass, Superorder. (No species on the
list) |
|
1 Domain |
4 Class |
7 Order |
|
2 Kingdom |
5 Subclass
Sub- being smaller / under |
8 Family |
|
3 Phylum |
6 Superorder
Super-
being larger /
above |
9 Genus |
4. What are the main
features or conditions where C4 plants
have evolved?
...very
hot and dry. |
| 5. What are the two most common
beam types used in microscopes? |
|
Light |
Electron |
| 6. What are the three major
nitrogenous waste molecules? |
|
Ammonia |
Urea |
Uric Acid |
| 7. What are the three major
impacts of overpopulation, according to
Malthus? |
|
Famine |
Conflict |
Disease |
8. What are
emergent properties?
...features
that can't easily be explained through analyzing / understanding the
pieces (reductionism). |
| 9. The two features that
any “good” hypothesis should have: |
|
You should be able to make
predictions with it (predictive) |
It should
be testable (that's where you use the predictions) |
| 10. What are two different
components of the cytoskeleton? |
Microtubules
Microfilaments |
Intermediate filaments
Membranes (sort of) |
11. Briefly define
paraphyletic.
...
a classification groups should be inside another but is
considered "equal" based on an established history that way (like birds
and dinosaurs). |
| 12. Darwin noticed that
how much living things differed
between an island and the mainland seemed connected to
two relationships. What were they? |
DISTANCE between them
|
DIFFERENCE
in CONDITIONS |
| 13. What are two different
reasons why an experiment has to be done as a
field test? |
TOO EXPENSIVE to try to duplicate natural
conditions
NOT POSSIBLE to duplicate natural conditions |
NOT
ETHICAL to remove specimens from habitat |
| 14. What are the first two steps
to the process of glycolysis? |
|
Non-ring Carbon on glucose picks up phosphate from
ATP |
Glucose
rearranges, producing another non-ring Carbon (fructose) |
| 15. Give two major sets of
differences between |
| PROKARYOTES |
EUKARYOTES |
| Much
smaller |
Much larger |
| No
internal membrane chambers |
Internal chambers (including nucleus) |
| Single
chromosome |
Chromosomes in pairs |
|
Loop-shaped chromosomes |
2-ended
chromosomes |
| Not found
in multicelled forms |
Can
produce multicelled forms |
| 16. Give two different advantages
that quantitative data has over qualitative
data. |
|
Can make comparisons between test groups better |
More
understandable |
Long Answer.
Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four
will be corrected.
Seven Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
|
1. For
the two steps of photosynthesis, give the
names of the steps and for
each, list all of the types of energy and/or materials input and
output. |
|
First Step -
Light-Dependent Reaction |
Input -
Light, Water (Hydrogens) |
|
Output -
ATP, Oxygen (from the water) |
|
Second Step -
Light-Independent Reaction |
Input -
ATP, Carbon Dioxide |
| Output -
Glucose |
| 7. Give
the steps that, according to the Theory of Evolution by
Natural Selection, should happen between the steps given.
|
|
The environment
around a population changes |
|
Individuals with
features that give an advantage
under the new conditions are more likely to survive
|
|
than ones with features that are a
disadvantage.
The survivors
reproduce.
Advantages get |
|
passed to offspring, become more common in
the population, produce most of the survivors / |
|
reproducers. Advantageous features
become the "norm" for the population, changing the |
|
"typical member."
|
|
The new population is different enough to
be considered a new species. |
|
3.
Answer for asexual reproduction: |
|
BASIC
Offspring are genetic copies of the
original.
DEFINITION
|
|
ADVANTAGE
Can actually produce copies
Compared to Sexual (instead
of remixing codes)
|
DISADVANTAGE
Copies have the same vulnerabilities
Compared to Sexual |
|
EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGY
Produce huge numbers of offspring
To Compensate for Disadvantage (Spread
beyond threats / produce very rare "useful mistakes"
|
4. At the points labeled with the stars, attach the
appropriate labels from this list:
Violet. X-Ray. InfraRed. Red. Blue. Ultraviolet. |
High Frequency \
Visible(!!) Range / Low Frequency
* * / * * * \ *
X-Ray
Ultraviolet Violet Blue
Red InfraRed |
| 5. What are four different ways that
anaerobic organisms impact humans? |
|
Produce some
diseases |
Several different
dairy products
(and spoilage) |
|
Symbionts
in digestive / other systems |
Rise dough
for baking |
| Produce
alcohol (& sometimes bubbles) for beverages |
|
| 6. For three different types of
vesicles or vacuoles, give the name
and function. |
|
Food Vacuoles |
Cell
takes in materials for digestion / absorption |
| Central Vacuoles |
Produces
stiffness in smaller green plants |
| Contractile Vacuoles |
Pumps out
excess water in fresh water systems |
| Lysosomes |
Contain
digestive enzymes |
|
Peroxisomes |
Breakdown
for recycling |
| Secretory
vesicles |
Take
secretions to surface |
| Endosomes
/ exosomes |
Move
between cells |
|
7.
Give two different rules
that apply specifically to each in
binomial nomenclature: |
FIRST
WORD |
The Genus |
Always
capitalized |
SECOND
WORD |
Means nothing by itself |
Never
capitalized |
ENTIRE
NAME |
Considered foreign - italics or underlined |
Abbreviated with first initial and second word |
BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose
points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is
possible.
Briefly explain the molecular reason why Red Bull has
several B vitamins. Three Points.
What is ferredoxin? Three Points.
Glycolysis breaks glucose “in half,” but only two carbons
feed into the next step. Why? Three Points.
Why do lipids have so many Calories? Three Points.
Why is it extremely difficult to come up with effective
treatments for viruses? Three Points for Each reason.
Why was Karl known as “Carolus”? Three Points.
Which basis for determining taxonomic relationships and
“trees” will probably be the generally-used system in the near future? Three
Points.
Why did the South-Sea Islanders have such weird sex
practices? Three Points.
The concept of postmodernism got its start in what area of
human production? Three Points.
In science, what’s wrong with anecdotal evidence? Three
Points.
Why did Darwin take every opportunity to get off the HMS
Beagle? There are two reasons, for Three Points Each.
What did “plasm” originally mean? Three Points.
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