BI 171 - Third Exam - 2002

NOTE - the numbers link to related information in the book.  Not all information on old exams is in the new book (so some numbers have no link), and if something looks unfamiliar, you can check to see if it's from a chapter you're supposed to be studying for your current exam.

Multiple Choice.

Place the letter of the choice that best answers the question on the line to the left.
Two Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.

_______ 1. Ferredoxin is an important component of

                        a. Membranes             b. Respiration             c. Signaling
                        d. Photosynthesis                 e. An old French song

_______ 2. Waterproofing would have evolved in early vertebrates to

                        a. Increase oxygen uptake             b. Keep water from flowing in
                        c. Decrease oxygen uptake           d. Keep water from flowing out
                                            e. Increase their profit margins

_______ 3. Oxidation state is a calculation of ______ in a molecule

                        a. Electrons                 b. Atoms                 c. Bonds
                        d. Oxygens                                 e. Mood

_______ 4. In the lab experiment, the salt solution was _____ to the cytoplasm.
                        a. Oxidizing                 b. Isotonic                 c. Hypotonic
                             d. Hypertonic                             e. Insulting

_______ 5. The common molecular component in all lipids has

                        a. Six carbons                            b. Four carbons
                             c. Three carbons                        d. Varying numbers of carbons
                             e. A habit of saying, "Does this component make me look fat?"

_______ 6. A major difference between the Krebs Cycle and the Calvin Cycle

                        a. Calvin works simultaneously with multiple molecules, Krebs one at a time
                        b. Krebs works simultaneously with multiple molecules, Calvin one at a time
                        c. Calvin happens in the cytoplasm, Krebs on the cell membrane
                        d. Krebs happens in the cytoplasm, Calvin on the cell membrane
                        e. They both seem to have been named after major nerds

_______ 7. Allosteric proteins have

                        a. Multiple subunits                     b. Multiple binding sites
                             c. Mirror-image forms                 d. Metal prosthetic groups
                                e. Good complexions - wait, that’s allo vera...

_______ 8. What other than enzymes follows a Michaelis-Menten pattern?

                        a. Carriers                 b. ATP                 c. Metabolism
                        d. Oxygen debt                 e. Two obscure guys

_______ 9. In the process NAD+ + H₂ -----> NADH + H+ the NAD+ is

                        a. Activated             b. Oxidized             c. Transported
                        d. Reduced                 e. Changed in some term-heavy way

_______ 10. ATP is generated primarily by

                        a. Krebs and Calvin cycles             b. Electron transport systems
                        c. Glycolysis                                 d. Ionizing radiation
                                    e. Judicious investment in little-known mutual funds

_______ 11. Ammonia is a product of metabolism of

                        a. Carbohydrates and proteins             b. Lipids and proteins
                        c. Lipids and nucleic acids                  d. Proteins and nucleic acids
                                                                    e. The smelly kind

_______ 12. The "fluid" part of the fluid mosaic model refers to the

                            a. Water                 b. Channels             c. Embedded proteins
                       d. Phospholipids                    e. Part that isn’t the mosaic

_______ 13. Glycolysis produces a net total of

                    a. Six ATPs                 b. Four ATPs                 c. Three ATPs
                    d. Two ATPs                                 e. A lousy job

_______ 14. At equilibrium, particle movement is

                    a. Stopped             b. Slowed             c. The same in all directions
                        d. Accelerated                         e. Vague

_______ 15. As oxygen is used by cells, more oxygen enters from the surroundings by way of

                    a. Active transport             b. Osmosis             c. Diffusion
                    d. Metabolism                                        e. A passkey

_______ 16. A single photon of light

                    a. Can excite a single chlorophyll electron
                    b. Can excite a single chlorophyll molecule
                    c. Can excite a single chlorophyll complex
                    d. Can drive a reverse respiration in the mitochondria
                    e. Can make a student’s brain explode

_______ 17. How does oxygen fit into photosynthesis and aerobic respiration?

                    a. End steps of photosynthesis, first steps of aerobic respiration
                    b. First steps of photosynthesis, end steps of aerobic respiration
                    c. End steps of both.
                    d. First steps of both
                    e. It needs a bit of a twist before you shove it

_______ 18. In photosynthesis,

                    a. Glucose is used to produce ATP
                    b. ATPs are used to produce glucose
                    c. ATPs are not significant participants
                    d. Cell walls are used as the main location
                    e. All sorts of not-very-interesting things happen

Short Answer. 

Pick NINE questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than nine, only the first nine will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.

 

1. Briefly describe how chemoautotrophs work.
2. This is tricky - what are two different ways that a cell can increase the flux of a particular material diffusing into it? (Some of the basic factors won’t work here...)
3. What are two different general types of signal ligands used in communication?
4. What two processes occur during group translocation?
5. Briefly explain how fat is converted to use it for energy.
6.  What are the two basic types of coupled reactions?
7. Other than carbon dioxide and water, what are two byproducts of anaerobic respiration?

8. Briefly explain what is meant by assimilation of materials.
9. Briefly explain how domains are laid out in transmembrane proteins.
10. In the situation below, show with labeled arrows the way things should move. Assume the barrier between the boxes is permeable to everything here.
40% Material X in water	15% Material X in water
11. Name two different cells processes that require phosphorylation to occur.
12. What are two different things that cells do with absorbed monomers?
13. What is the significance of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in food webs?
14.  What are two different types or examples of molecules that move freely through typical eukaryote cell membranes.
15. What molecule "feeds into" the Krebs Cycle?

Long Answer. 

Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
Seven Points Each. Partial credit is possible.

1. Place the following types of electromagnetic radiation with the proper star:
            Green, InfraRed, Red, UltraViolet, Violet, X-Ray.

 

2. For each of three different types of molecular-level potentials, name the type and briefly describe how it works.
3. Four the four basic food chain levels, give the general name of the level and then give an example of one organism/species found locally that would clearly fit into that level.
4. What steps take the starting glucose in glycolysis to the point where it becomes two molecules? Include the split in the steps.

5. For the two steps of photosynthesis:
STEP NAME	SOURCE MATERIALS / ENERGY	PRODUCTS

6. Explain briefly but step-by-step how a negative feedback loop produces regulation. Include both types of effects that can produce such loops. The number of lines here is not meant to suggest a number of steps.

7. Name and define four different kinds of proteins that commonly can be found in cell membranes.

Link to Answer Key

BONUS QUESTIONS. 

Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.

What is the minimum amount of energy that an exergonic reaction must produce? Three Points.

Why or how does ATP do what it does? Be fairly specific. Four Points.

The dietary sources of NAD & FAD both are from the same specific class of nutrient? What is it, for Three Points?

What sorts of different commercial products are based upon the activity of anaerobic respiring organisms? Two Points each.

What types of organisms must process ammonia wastes to a totally nontoxic form? Three Points.

Briefly explain how certain types of materials can convert electromagnetic energy to other energy forms. What happens on the atomic level? Four Points.

Carotenoids - other than their "classic" purpose, what other functions might they have? Two Points each.

For Three Points each, briefly explain on what bases photosynthesis can vary among organisms.

The human body tracks carbon dioxide rather than oxygen when regulating breathing. Why? Three Points.