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BI 171 - Third Exam - 2007
Each question's number
is linked to the relevant part of the online book, if possible (some questions
relate to multiple sections).
Multiple Choice.
Place the letter of the choice that best answers the question on
the line to the left.
Two Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.
_______
1. When a cell goes through apoptosis, it
a. Activates all of its enzymes b.
Kills itself c. Divides
d. Secretes materials e. Sings a
little song
_______
2. In cell membranes, embedded proteins remain
oriented properly due to
a. Hydrophobic domains b. Active
sites c. Carbohydrates
d. Regulatory sites e. A proper
upbringing
_______
3. An allosteric effect would change a
a. Flux's equilibrium point b.
Gene code c. Cell's shape
d. Protein's shape e. Allo, or
maybe a stero...or both...
_______
4. A cell in the absorption business would likely
have lots of
a. Ribosomes b. Microvilli
c. Golgi bodies d. Nuclei
e. Absorby thingies
_______
5. Homology in a protein is based upon
a. Primary structure b. Tertiary
structure c. Function
d. Interaction with DNA e. Can
proteins do that-?
_______
6. Adding reactants to an ongoing reaction should
a. Always increase the reaction rate
b. Delay the reaction getting to dynamic equilibrium
c. Make dynamic equilibrium happen sooner
d. Increase the flux
e. Make them start fighting
_______
7. Root pressure is usually counteracted by
a. Osmotic pressure b. Cell
membranes c. Golgi bodies
d. Gravity e. Stem morality
_______
8. Ligands can also be called
a. Carriers b. Filaments
c. Substrates d. Fluxers
e. On special cell phones
_______
9. On a graph of reaction rates for enzyme-driven
reactions, the drop-off above the optimal temperature is mostly because
a. There aren't enough substrates
b. The enzymes are all busy
c. Too many products
d. The enzymes are denaturing
e. There are rules about such things in the enzymes' contract
_______
10. A nucleolus is a site for storage and
processing of
a. Endoplasmic reticulum b.
Microfilaments c. DNA
d. RNA e. Text messages
_______
11. Minerals and metals are often used in or as
a. Enzymes and coenzymes
b. Coenzymes and cofactors
c. Cofactors and prosthetic groups
d. Coenzymes and prosthetic groups
e. Prizes in the subcellular Olympics
_______
12. Many inland salt lakes have few
if any organisms living in them, because the environment there is too
a. Hypertonic b. Hypotonic
c. Isotonic d. Osmotonic
e. Well, something-tonic, obviously...
_______
13. The likeliest place for an MTOC to be hard at
work -
a. Nucleus b. Dividing cell
c. Endoplasmic reticulum d. Nucleolus
e. Isn't that a tv show?
_______
14. Glycocalyx is often used as
a. Cytoskeletal structure
b. Internal movement of materials
c. Cell markers
d. Membrane pores
e. A killer Scrabble word
_______
15. Which is most likely to have a contractile
vacuole?
a. Plant b. Fresh water fish
c. Bacterium d. Fresh water ameba
e. How long a contract is it for?
_______
16. Cholesterol is often used to affect the
a. Affinity of an enzyme
b. Concentration of cytoplasm
c. Activity of microfilaments
d. Fluidity of a membrane
e. Diet of humans
_______
17. Phosphate molecules move from low concentrations
in water into plants, which have a higher concentration in their
cells.
This movement requires
a. Microfilaments b. Transfer
RNA c. Active transport
d. Osmotic pressure
e. Some Latin music playing, so the rhythm is right
_______
18. A ribozyme is a
a. Structure where proteins are made
b. RNA molecule that can act as a catalyst
c. Part of a chromosome
d. Molecule that aids an enzyme
e. Word that shouldn't exist
Short Answer.
Pick NINE questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than nine, only the first nine will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.
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1. What are coupled, exactly, in coupled
reactions? |
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2. Why would the first reaction of a
pathway never reach the equilibrium point?
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3. What is one thing that happens in a
peroxisome?
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4. Two Kingdoms where cell walls
are typically found (you don't need the technical names): |
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5. Using
this DNA code and the chart at the end of the exam (or
here), give the amino acid sequence |
Starting___________________________________________________________________
Strand
T A C G G T A A T
G C C T A T C T C
A A T T G C A T C
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6. As a flux nears equilibrium, it
slows down. Why?
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7. For dynein and kinesin - |
Basic
function
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How their
functions
differ
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8. Define (don't assign a value to) a Q10.
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9. In point mutations, why is an
insertion usually much worse than a substitution?
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10. What is a turnover number?
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11. Answer for actin and myosin - |
Found in what
type of cellular
structure?
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Found in
what type
of cell?
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12. What
two different areas of medical research are particularly
interested in telomeres? |
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13. What two things happen during group
translocation? |
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14. Why is a nuclear envelope called an
"envelope"?
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15. Some materials move fairly freely through
living cell membranes. What are two such materials? |
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Long Answer.
Select and answer completely any four of the following
questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
Seven Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
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1. Answer for the endosymbiont theory - |
What two
organelles does
the theory
apply to? |
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What are two
features of the
organelles /
pieces of evidence
that support the theory? |
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2. Briefly describe three different ways that
enzymes can be inhibited.
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3. For the graph of pH effects on an
enzyme-catalyzed reaction, explain what's happening on the molecular
level at each spot marked with an X.
There was an x on the upslope,
the peak, and the downslope.
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4a. Two
different things that happen during transcription in a cell.
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4b. Two
different things that happen during translation in a cell.
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5. In the graph below of Michaelis-Menten
Kinetics, explain why the curve is doing what it's doing at each
marked point, in terms of the enzyme molecules at work.
On the main upslope, close to the top,
and on the top flat area.
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6. Fill in the arrow-headed labels on this drawing of
eukaryote cell structures.
A line drawing with arrows
pointing at different structures. |
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7. Give three sets of differences between - |
| CILIA |
FLAGELLA |
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Link to Answer Key
BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on
the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.
What aspect of cell cultures led to the discovery of telomerase? Three Points.
Why are pathway genes often linear on prokaryote chromosomes?
Three Points.
Why would high affinity produce a low Km?
What selection factors have been influential in the evolution
of human skin color? Three Points Each.
Why is mitochondrial DNA preferred for evolutionary work over nuclear DNA? Three
Points.
What is the "9 + 2 arrangement"? Three Points.
In terms of molecule structure, how is a phospholipid
different from a "regular" lipid? Three points
What is odd about bony fish that live in the oceans? Three
Points
What human cell types rely primarily on gates for their function? Three Points
Each.
GENE TRANSLATION TABLE
CODONS ON MESSENGER RNA
|
First
Letter |
|
SECOND |
LETTER |
|
Third
Letter |
|
U |
C |
A |
G |
|
|
U |
phelyalanine |
serine |
tyrosine |
cysteine |
U |
|
phelyalanine |
serine |
tyrosine |
cysteine |
C |
|
leucine |
serine |
STOP |
STOP |
A |
|
leucine |
serine |
STOP |
tryptophan |
G |
|
C |
leucine |
proline |
histidine |
arginine |
U |
|
leucine |
proline |
histidine |
arginine |
C |
|
leucine |
proline |
glutamine |
arginine |
A |
|
leucine |
proline |
glutamine |
arginine |
G |
|
A |
isoleucine |
threonine |
asparagine |
serine |
U |
|
isoleucine |
threonine |
asparagine |
serine |
C |
|
isoleucine |
threonine |
lysine |
arginine |
A |
|
*START*
methionine |
threonine |
lysine |
arginine |
G |
|
G |
valine |
alanine |
aspartate |
glycine |
U |
|
valine |
alanine |
aspartate |
glycine |
C |
|
valine |
alanine |
glutamate |
glycine |
A |
|
valine |
alanine |
glutamate |
glycine |
G |
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