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BIO 171 - Third Exam - 2018
Multiple Choice.
Place the letter of the choice that best answers the
question on the line to the left.
Two Points Each. NOTE: “e” answers are never the correct
answer.
_______1. During fertilization,
a. Diploid cells get together
b. Haploid cells get together
c. One diploid cell joins one haploid cell
d. All of these can happen
e. Fertility is, umm, made fertilaceous...
_______ 2. G proteins are involved with
a. Generating 2nd messengers b.
Activating genes c. Attaching spindle
fibers to centromeres
d. Silencing genes
e. Being amazed a lot
_______ 3. Some hormones attach to receptors well
inside their target cell. Those hormones are
a. Isoosmotic b. Being actively
transported c. Steroids
d. Used in respiration
e. Always on the doorman’s list
_______ 4. A near extinction can produce a
a. Restriction event
b. Genetic drift
c. Constriction event
d. Bottleneck effect
e. Really annoyed species
_______5. Under normal conditions, rare sodium ions move
slowly from fresh-water into plant cells,
where the concentration is higher. This is done by
a. Osmosis b. Active transport
c. Diffusion d. Passive transport
e. Plant elves
_______6. Watson and Crick’s description
of the double-helix structure of DNA was important
primarily because it explained how DNA could
a. Be mutated
b. Be wound up into chromosome structures
c. Hold a variety of information
d. Be structured around a carbohydrate base
e. Made into a delicious cotton-candy treat
_______7. Substrates are a type of
a. 2nd messenger b. Enzyme
c. Ligand d. Hormone
e. Underclothing
_______8. The best explanation for why most genetic
diseases are recessive involves
a. Two DNA codes that can’t be used
b. Two DNA codes for non-working proteins
c. DNA codes that don’t get passed on
d. All of these are involved
e. Explaining what recessive means
_______9. Which best describes plasmids?
a. Extra genes b. Extra
chromosomes c. Energy producers
d. Used for secretion
e. Yet another term that I recognize but don’t remember...
_______10. In dividing cells, actual cell division
(cytokinesis) occurs
a. Only in telophase b. In
anaphase or telophase c. In telophase
or interphase
d. In interphase, telophase, or anaphase
e. When cell parts get really angry with each other
_______11. Which would be an example of chemotaxis?
a. A person finding the source of a smell
b. A plant absorbing nutrients from fertilizer
c. Chlorophyll moving from a ribosome into a chloroplast
d. Chromosomes moving toward the middle of the cell
e. Something involving yellow cars with sticky floors
_______12. Embryo cells have their eventual fates
set early in
a. Plants b. Protostomes
c. Fungi d. Deuterostomes
e. Very strict phyla
______ 13. Prokaryotes assure that
newly-formed cells get the right chromosome copies by using
a. Spindle fibers at the poles
b. Linked ribosomes c. Links between
the new cells
d. Attachment points on the membrane
e. An entire squad of specially-trained inheritance lawyers
_______14. During which parts of mitosis
is the nuclear envelope always “missing”?
a. Metaphase & anaphase
b. Prophase & telophase
c. Interphase only
d. Prophase, metaphase & anaphase
e. Well, it never seems to be there when the check comes...
_______15. Immune cells often
recognize “self” cells by analyzing
a. Genetic markers b. Glycocalex
c. Cell junctions d. Cell
projection structures
e. Credit card receipts
_______16. The growth of multicelled organisms
is generally a product of
a. Cell division only
b. Cell expansion only
c. Cell division and cell expansion
d. Added noncellular material
e. Consuming some sort of well-advertised breakfast food
_______17. Okazaki fragments exist because
a. Enzymes digest them for electrophoresis
b. Crossing over produces them
c. Cell structure is made up of small elements
d. DNA strand replication is limited to one direction
e. Okazaki could never finish anything
_______18. Metamorphosis can
a. Alter the mutation rate b.
Increase the carry capacity c.
Elimination predation
d. All of these
e. Mess with a critter’s self-esteem
Short Answer.
Pick NINE questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than nine, only the first nine
will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.
1. Briefly explain how a hormone’s effect
can be used in a control loop based on negative
feedback.
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| 2. What are two different ways
that living cell systems can easily
increase a material’s flux through the membranes? |
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| 3. Other than growth, what two
different types of major cell functions occur
in interphase? |
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| 4. What two areas of well-funded
medical research are focused on telomerase? |
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| 5. What are two non-selection
restrictions on a Hardy-Weinberg population? |
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| 6. What are two different ways
that living things keep osmotic pressure from hurting them? |
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| 7. Give examples of two things whose
formation or development would be driven by HOX
genes. |
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| 8. What are two different types of
signal ligands? |
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9. How is a geotaxis / geotropism
produced in a sprouting plant’s stem and root?
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10. Of the point mutations, an addition is
much worse than a substitution. Explain
why.
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11. Structurally (with some detail),
how is a cell membrane molecule different
from a standard lipid molecule?
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| 12. Name two enzymes
active in DNA replication. |
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| 13. What are two major functions
of centromeres? |
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14. What evolutionary mystery was
solved when people looked closely at crossing over?
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15. What is one thing that happens in Meiosis
I that does not happen in mitosis?
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| 16. For alternation of
generations - |
A
type of
Organism
that has it: |
Why that
type of organism
has it: |
Long Answer.
Select and answer completely any four of the following
questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four
will be corrected.
Seven Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
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1. Give three
sets
of differences (other than the associated genders) between - |
| EGG
CELLS |
SPERM |
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2.
What
happens in the
four
“tissue” zones of a
fungus? |
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3. Give the
functions (names are NOT enough) of
three different membrane protein types.
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organisms |
| ORGANISM |
TYPE OF ORGANISM |
MAIN RESEARCH TYPE |
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5.
For the four experimental
"systems"
listed below, give a critical
discovery in genetics history that was made using them. |
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PEA
PLANTS
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DROSOPHILA
FRUIT FLIES
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NEUROSPORA
MOLD
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BACTERIOPHAGE
VIRUSES
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6.
Give the
name and one function of three different types of
animal
tissues. |
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7. Describe (don't just give a simple label!)
four
different isolating situations that can lead to the evolution of new species
from the same starting group. |
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the three basic layers of an early animal
embryo, give - |
| NAME
OF LAYER |
TWO SYSTEMS
DERIVED FROM THE LAYER |
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Link to Answer Key
BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the rest of the
exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.
What was the actual purpose of the salt in the diffusion
lab salt solution? Three Points.
How are contractile vacuoles and central vacuoles filled?
Three Points.
What is the counter-force to root pressure? Three Points.
Why would carriers follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics? Three
Points.
What is the spindle “pull rule”? Three Points.
What bad thing might happen if the tail of a sperm cell
wound up inside a fertilized egg cell? Four Points.
Why might a species have no process for counteracting
polyspermy? Three Points.
What shape is a human blastula, and why? Four Points.
Why did Mendel do his genetics work on pea plants? Three
Points
What process follows LaMarkian patterns? Three Points.
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