BI 171 - Fourth Exam - 2002
NOTE - the numbers link to related information in the book. Not all information on old exams is in the new book (so some numbers have no link), and if something looks unfamiliar, you can check to see if it's from a chapter you're supposed to be studying for your current exam.
Multiple Choice.
Place the letter of the choice that
best answers the question on the line to the left.
Two Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct
answer.
_______ 1. A common reporter gene codes
for
a. Medical
proteins
b. Antibiotic resistance
c. Industrial
proteins
d. Culture shape
e. Bad spelling and grammar
_______ 2.
Intermediate filaments are
most commonly found in cells that
a. That
crawl
b. Are preparing for cytokinesis
c. That
swim
d. Are under mechanical stress
e. That can’t make up their minds
_______ 3. An acrosome features
importantly in
a. Spindle
function
b. Morphogenesis
c. Fertilization
d. Cytokinesis
e. The "too much information" concept
_______ 4.
Which best describes histones?
a. Microtubule Organizing
Centers
b. Spools for winding up DNA
c. Synapsis
organizers
d. Electrophoresis gels
e. Deeper than hertones
_______5. The chance of an AB parent
and an O parent having an A child is
a. 0% b.
25% c.
50% d.
75%
e. Don’t I need a calculator (or a mathematician) for this?
_______6. Which is the proper transduction pathway?
a. Protein kinase, 2nd messenger, G protein, enzyme
b. Enzyme, 2nd Messenger, G protein, protein kinase
c. G protein, 2nd Messenger, protein kinase, enzyme
d. Enzyme, 2nd messenger, protein kinase, G protein
e. How can I pick an order if none of the steps look familiar?
_______ 7. Muscles depend on the activity of
a.
Cilia
b.
Microfilaments
c. Microtubules
d. Coated
pits
e. Something in spinach
_______ 8. In prokaryotes, active
ribosomes would be found
a. In contact with
chromosomes
b. On endoplasmic reticulum
c. On the inner cell membrane surface d.
Any of these places
e. Drunk and disorderly on any Saturday night
_______ 9.
Which pair are most closely related?
a. rRNA -
DNA
b. Spindle - telomere
c. Kinetochore - centromere
d. Basal body - coated vesicle
e. Biology class - insanity
_______ 10. In eukaryotes, genes
for pathway proteins are commonly
a. Distributed
randomly
b. Linked
c. On the sex
chromosomes
d. Placed in sequence
e. Blacktopped over
_______ 11.
Promoters and enhancers
are generally attached to
a.
DNA
b. Cell
membranes
c. Receptors
d. Nuclear envelopes
e. Advertising agencies
_______12. In prokaryotes, a protein
needed continuously or regularly is called a
a. Inducible
protein
b. Regulon
c. Pathway protein
d. Housekeeping
protein
e. Minimum-wage slave
_______ 13.
Under ideal conditions, mitochondrial
DNA
a. Is
diploid b. Inherits along
maternal lines c. Does not
mutate
d. Is only
single-stranded
e. Feels superior to all the other NAs
_______14. Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked
trait. When a boy is color blind, he
inherited the allele(s) from
a. His
mother
b. His
father
c. Either parent
d. Both
parents
e. Great Grandad, the crazy one
_______15. The eventual fates of embryonic cells are determined very early in
a.
Mitosis
b. Radial
cleavage
c. Meiosis
d. Spiral cleavage
e. Any Steven Seagal movie
_______16. A karyotype is
a. Determined by Southern Blotting
b. Particular to a species
c. Particular to an individual
d. A product of two different genes
e. Some sort of old-fashioned printer
_______17. Steroid hormones, unlike other messenger molecules, can
a. Attach directly to chromosomes
b. Set off multiple receptors
c. Access multiple transduction pathways
d. Be deactivated with carbohydrates
e. Make you act like an idiot
_______18. To do Southern blotting, it is necessary to have
a. Plasmids do part of the work
b. An equal mix of male cells and female cells
c. Cells that make a lot of the target protein
d. All of these
e. Many bottles of Kentucky-made fermented beverage
Short Answer.
Pick NINE questions to answer in the spaces
provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than nine, only the first
nine will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.
| 1. What are two different applications for gene transfer in crop plants? | |
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| 2. What are two different uses for microtubules in cells? | |
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| 3. Chromosome numbers (low or high) in organisms are a balance between what two advantageous features? | |
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| 4. What are two entirely different types of functions done by, for example, an epithelial cell during interphase? | |
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5.
Briefly explain (don’t just
define!) How position effect works.
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6.
Briefly explain the purpose of Okazaki
fragments.
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7. Briefly explain why a base insertion
is a much more powerful mutation than a substitution.
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| 8. Give two general advantages that can be gotten from metamorphosis between life-cycle stages. | |
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| 9. Briefly describe the two ways that polyspermy is avoided. | |
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10.
What is an exon?
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| 11. What are two life-style types that benefit from alternation of generations? | |
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12.
Give an example of a trait that
is passed on epigenetically.
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| 13. Transfer RNA (tRNA) binds to what two other molecules? | |
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14. What does the signal region of a protein do?
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| 15. What are two molecular-level ways that inducers can induce? | |
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Long Answer.
Select and answer completely any four
of the following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the
first four will be corrected.
Seven Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
| 1. Give, in order of occurrence, the phases of mitosis, and for each, tell one distinct thing that happens particularly during that phase. | |
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| 2. Explain, step-by-step (don’t be constrained by the number of lines) the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) process. |
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3. Here it is - determine the sequences of the named
molecules from this DNA sequence. DNA
_______________________________________________________________________ mRNA _____________________________________________________________________
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| 4. Name the three embryonic germ layers, and for each give one organ, structure, or system that forms from that layer. | |
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| 5. In any organism with genders, give three sets of differences there would be between: | |
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SPERM |
EGG CELLS |
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| 6. Whatever you choose from the history of discoveries about genetics, make sure that your list of three discoveries is in chronological order | |
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Researcher or Research Organism |
Discovery |
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| 7. Give three separate sets of differences between mitosis and meiosis. | |
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BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.
How are eukaryotic and prokaryotic flagella different? Two Points each.
What is the evolutionary implication of actin being a very similar molecule no matter where it’s found? Three Points.
What’s the relationship between vestigial structures and junk DNA? Three Points.
What lucrative research fields are vigorously investigating telomeres? Two Points each. What is each investigation trying to find out? Three Points each.
Potentially, what bad thing could result from being given unnecessary antibiotics (Two Points), and briefly how could that come about? (Three Points)
What is indicated by "puffs" in insect chromosomes? Three Points.
What sorts of organisms were being studied by the inventor of the Polymerase Chain Reaction? Three Points.
What assumption about stem cell use will probably turn out to not be true? Three Points.
What non-spherical shape are blastulas commonly
(Two Points), and why? (Three Points)
CODONS ON MESSENGER RNA
|
First Letter |
SECOND |
LETTER |
Third Letter |
||
|
U |
C |
A |
G |
||
|
phelyalanine |
serine |
tyrosine |
cysteine |
U |
|
|
U |
phelyalanine |
serine |
tyrosine |
cysteine |
C |
|
leucine |
serine |
STOP |
STOP |
A |
|
|
leucine |
serine |
STOP |
tryptophan |
G |
|
|
leucine |
proline |
histidine |
arginine |
U |
|
|
C |
leucine |
proline |
histidine |
arginine |
C |
|
leucine |
proline |
glutamine |
arginine |
A |
|
|
leucine |
proline |
glutamine |
arginine |
G |
|
|
isoleucine |
threonine |
asparagine |
serine |
U |
|
|
A |
isoleucine |
threonine |
asparagine |
serine |
C |
|
isoleucine |
threonine |
lysine |
arginine |
A |
|
|
*START* methionine |
threonine |
lysine |
arginine |
G |
|
|
valine |
alanine |
aspartate |
glycine |
U |
|
|
G |
valine |
alanine |
aspartate |
glycine |
C |
|
valine |
alanine |
glutamate |
glycine |
A |
|
|
valine |
alanine |
glutamate |
glycine |
G |