BI 171 - Fourth Exam - 2003

Links go to pertinent sections of book

Multiple Choice.

Place the letter of the choice that best answers the question on the line to the left.
Two Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.


_______ 1. Pheromones and neurotransmitters are both types of

                        a. Receptors                     b. Enzymes                         c. Coenzymes
                        d. Signal ligands                 e. Biological terms, right-?


_______ 2. The bonds used for energy in biological systems were originally

                        a. Primordial soup                 b. Water                     c. Oxygen
                        d. Sunlight                             e. Bought in wholesale lots


_______ 3. The second law of thermodynamics is connected to which statement?

                        a. Materials in a food chain get recycled
                        b. DNA replication is semi-conservative
                        c. Energy moving up a food chain gradually is lost as heat
                        d. Energy frequency is connected to energy wavelength
                        e. "I don't remember what the second law of thermodynamics is."


_______ 4. Ferredoxin is an important molecule in

                        a. Photosynthesis             b. Aerobic respiration                 c. Transduction
                        d. Phototaxis                                                 e. The "F's"


_______ 5. When chlorophyll molecules lose electrons, they are

                        a. Phosphorylating                                 b. Undergoing kinetic conversion
                        c. Oxidizing                                           d. Reducing
                                                            e. On one of those fad diets


_______ 6. Helicase is an enzyme involved in

                        a. Microtubule production during meiosis
                        b. Accessing DNA during replication
                        c. Getting a transduction message through a membran
                        d. Moving electrons to a reaction center
                        e. Curing the hiccups


_______ 7. An acrosome should contain

                        a. Chlorophyll                         b. DNA                         c. Membranes
                        d. Enzymes                 e. Chocolate - but everything should contain chocolate


_______ 8. Haploid cells are first produced by

                        a. Mitosis                         b. Meiosis I                         c. Meiosis II
                        d. Replication                     e. Is haploid almost haply, but not quite?


_______ 9. Nitrogenous wastes result from processing of

                        a. Protein                         b. Chlorophyll                         c. Genes
                        d. Lipids                          e. Dirt and slime


_______10. Which are involved at the very beginning of photosynthesis and the very end 
                                    of aerobic respiration?

                        a. Oxygen & Water                             b. Carbon Dioxide & Water
                        c. Oxygen & Glucose                         d. Carbon Dioxide & Glucose
                                           e. What you expect and what you really get


_______ 11. Which processes are entirely confined to particular organelles?

                        a. Aerobic respiration & photosynthesis             b. Aerobic respiration & replication
                        c. Replication & photosynthesis                         d. Transduction & replication
                                                                        e. The secret ones


_______ 12. Differentiation is a brought about by a change in

                        a. Tissue type                         b. Gene expression                        c. Enzyme inhibition 
                        d. Germ layers                                                e. Grammar type


_______ 13. In most eukaryote organisms, most ATP is made from what sub-process?

                        a. Electron transport chain                         b. Transduction
                        c. Krebs cycle                         d. Calvin cycle                    e. The one with lots of initials


_______ 14. Prior to cell division, chromosomes in prokaryotes attach to

                        a. Each other                         b. Plasmids                         c. Spindle fibers
                        d. The cell membrane                         e. Whatever will buy them a drink


_______ 15. Group transfer potential is an important aspect of

                        a. Food webs                         b. Mitosis                         c. Phosphorylation
                        d. Reradiation                         e. Moving company reputation

 

_______ 16. Which should be true of any individual in a monoecious species?

                        a. It should produce both sperm and egg cells
                        b. It can reproduce asexually
                        c. It can reproduce all by itself
                        d. All of these
                        e. It all sounds very unseemly


_______ 17. Which would be a chemotaxis?

                        a. Spindle fibers attaching to centromeres
                        b. Migration of cells during gastrulation
                        c. Sperm cells swimming toward an egg cell
                        d. Chlorophyll capturing certain light frequencies
                        e. The stuff you spray to clean vomit off upholstery


_______ 18. Which is the true statement?

                        a. Photosynthesizers altogether weigh more than other organisms,
                                but there are fewer species
                        b. Photosynthesizers both outweigh and have more species than other organisms
                        c. Photosynthesizers weigh less than all of the organisms that eat them,
                                but there are more photosynthesizer species
                        d. Photosynthesizers weigh less than all of the organisms that eat them,
                                and there are fewer photosynthesizer species
                        e. Okay, my head's going to explode now


Short Answer. 

Pick NINE questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than nine, only the first nine will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.

1. What are two different uses for carotenoids in plants?
2. With a set of labeled diagrams, show the meiosis production of egg cells.




3. What are two things that happen in both the Krebs Cycle and the Calvin Cycle?
4. The three major stages, beginning to end, in any food chain
5. Two methods by which organisms prevent or resist damage from polyspermy.
6. In simplest terms, what is the function of respiration in any kind of biological system?



7. What are two different types of commercial products produced by anaerobic organisms?
8. Answer these about the antenna complex-
WHAT
IS IT?		 WHAT
IS ITS
FUNCTION?
9. Briefly explain how crossing over produces genetic redundancy.



10. Briefly explain how an oxygen debt is built up



11. What exactly is an Okazaki fragment?



12. Electrons can generally be "tracked" through many pathways by following what component?

13. In a normal cell that will go on to divide, what two different basic functions are going on during interphase?
14. For each of the two major electron-carrying coenzymes, give the abbreviation and the vitamin it is derived from.
15. What happens in hot, dry conditions that requires the more-efficient C4 photosynthesis?





Long Answer. 

Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
Seven Points Each. Partial credit is possible.

1. Give three sets of differences between (make sure you don't give the same difference twice, just reworded) -
PROTOSTOMES DEUTEROSTOMES
 

 
 

 
 

 
2. Give the basic steps, including types of molecules involved, of the transduction pathway.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Give the important steps of what happens to glucose during glycolysis. You do not have to track ATPs.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. At the points labeled with the stars, attach the appropriate labels from this list:

Violet. X-Ray. InfraRed. Red. Blue. UltraViolet.

LONG WAVELENGTH [ -------- VISIBLE LIGHT ----------] SHORT WAVELENGTH
 *                                   *      *       *                                   *        *




5. For each stage of actual mitosis, name the stages in order and for each describe one thing that happens only during that stage.
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
6. For each step of photosynthesis, give the name of the step and then give two things that happen particularly during that step.
   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. For the three germ layers in animal embryos, name each layer and for each, give two organs or structures (not just systems, these would be part of the systems derived from each layer).




 

Link to Answer Key

BONUS QUESTIONS.  

Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.

Several types of human cells never undergo mitosis in adults. What are two, for Three Points Each?

How do spindle fibers extend and retract across a cell - what makes them get longer and shorter? Four Points.



What cell structure apparently has not been given an "official" name? Three Points.





In what two ways does phosphorylation probably work to help change other molecules? Four Points Each.




What exactly happens (the sequence, not the name of the process) when an atom absorbs energy at one frequency and lets it back out at another frequency? Four Points





Commonly, how do anaerobic disease organisms produce symptoms in their hosts? Three Points.



Why exactly do fats contain so many calories? Three Points.





Why is it important that a sperm tail not get into the egg cell? Four Points.





Why does differentiation work differently in plants and fungi than in animals? Three Points.





  

  

BI 171

McDarby



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