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BIO 171 - Fourth Exam - 2015
Multiple Choice.
Place the letter of the choice that best answers the
question on the line to the left.
Two Points Each. NOTE: “e” answers are never the correct
answer.
_______ 1. Why is it thought that the development of
DNA
was a fairly early development in
the
history of Life on Earth?
a. It can be found in the oldest fossils b. Only DNA could have been the first "living" molecule
c. Every living thing known uses it d. It isn't - DNA is obviously a recent development
e. As far as I'm concerned, history stops at my birth
_______ 2. Introns and exons are aspects of
a. Taq primers b. Messenger RNA c. Migration bands d. Gene therapy
e. Weird door signs
_______ 3. Which would be a type of "blockbuster drug"?
a. AIDS cure b. Arthritis treatment c. AIDS vaccine d. All of these
e. Something that treats busting of blocks
_______ 4. What part of a population really
changes during
evolution?
a. Gene pool b. RNA types c. Organelles d. Environment
e. Where they order their pizza
_______5. Restriction enzymes
a. Affect nuclear access b. Shut off metabolic pathways c. Limit PCR amplification
d. Defend against viruses e. Are like bouncers, but teensy
_______6. Chaperonins and prions are involved in
a. Spindle production b. Protein folding c. Processing of messenger and transfer RNA
d. DNA replication e. Most really dull parties
_______7. When a small group migrates
away and has only
those alleles present to pass on to
their descendants, this is
a. Genetic drift b. Founder effect c. Mutation d. Habitat isolation
e. Tough luck
_______8. A layer of rusty sediments in the ancient
fossil record marks when
a. Life went onto land b. Photosynthesis spread c. People first appeared
d. Dinosaurs disappeared e. Atlantis' junkyards sank
_______9. Factors that could produce
mutations were first
studied extensively in
a. Mice b.
Arabidopsis c. Bacteria d.
Drosophila e. Godzilla
_______10. Position effects are associated with
a. Early embryo layout b. How easily genes can be expressed
c. Where new genes come from d. Where codons start working
e. Those aches you get in the morning
_______11. The early oceans had an oily "scum" on the
surface that contributed to the development of
a. Protocells b. DNA c. Digestion d. Flotation e. Politics
_______12. Transfer RNA (tRNA) does its work
a. In a ribosome b. In the nucleus c. In the nucleolus d. In the phospholipid bilayer
e. At the bus station
_______13. How a newly-discovered gene
sequence can be
"matched" to one in a genome database
is a problem addressed by
a. Electrophoresis b. Analogy c. Line-by-line coverage d. Bioinformatics
e. The sequence elves
_______14. What procedure uses molecules that are
volatilized and sent down a tube?
a. Fluorescence b. DNA electrophoresis c. Mass Spectroscopy d. Gas pressure analysis
e. I can think of one guys do when they're really drunk...
_______15. Promoters and enhancers are active in
a. Gene expression b. DNA replication c. Virus function d. DNA amplification
e. Selling new music makers
_______16. Cells actively producing a particular
protein
are necessary for
a. Southern Blot and PCR b. Knockout mice and monoclonal antibodies
c. Fluorescence and Southern Blot d. All of the above
e. Isn't that like, just, necessary?
_______17. The most likely "staging
areas" for the invasion
of the land from the water:
a. Fresh water and hydrothermal vents b. Fresh water and tidal zones
c. Tidal zones and hydrothermal vents d. Fresh water and underground
e. Atlantis and Venice
_______18. Monoclonal antibodies involves a culture of
hybrid
a. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes b. Human cells and mouse cells
c. Human cells and Drosophila stem cells d. Spleen cells and cancer cells
e. That is not a culture I want to donate to
Short Answer.
Pick NINE questions to answer in the spaces
provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than nine, only the first nine
will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.
| 1. For
Neurospora - |
What was its
basic research
purpose? |
What genetics
discovery was
made with it? |
| 2. Give two weaknesses / drawbacks for
testing on cell
cultures. |
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3. What is one basic evolutionary strategy that has
kept
asexual reproduction a viable process?
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4. Why is mitochondrial DNA considered
preferable to nuclear DNA in
evolutionary studies?
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6. Briefly explain why
addition or deletion point mutations
are potentially worse than substitution point mutations.
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| 7. According to theory, when the Earth's "living things"
were just big organic molecules, what are two abilities those molecules
had to
have to lead on to current forms of life? |
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8. Briefly, what is the panspermia?
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| 9. For a low chromosome number,
compared to a high
chromosome number - |
BASIC
ADVANTAGE?
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BASIC
DISADVANTAGE?
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10a. What sort of organism helpers were probably essential
to plants being able to move onto land?
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10b. What function do these organisms perform for the
plants?
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| 11. Give two general biological circumstances where one can
find alternation of generations. |
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12. How do pharmaceutical companies use
patent law to justify high prices for
prescription drugs?
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| 13. What are two different ways that
radiation exposure can bring about cell deaths? |
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14. Histones are remarkably similar across broad spectra of
organisms. Briefly, why?
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| 15. The two types of genetic redundancy are associated with
what two processes? |
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16. Biologically, what is a meme?
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17a. What's the purpose of a
marker gene?
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17b.What is commonly used as a
marker gene?
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18. In strains of knockout mice, the individual mice are
close to genetically identical. How is this
acheived?
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Long Answer.
Select and answer completely any four of the
following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four
will be corrected.
Seven Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
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1.
Using this DNA code give the
messenger RNA sequence and,
using the chart
here, give the coded
amino acid sequence.
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Starting
________________________________________________________________________________________
StrandT
A C C C A A A G T A G G C A T C C A T A G G G A C T
mRNA
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Amino
Acids
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| 2. Give
the steps
that repeat
in
the Polymerase Chain Reaction.
There
is not
a set number,
since
some
steps
can
be
seen
as
single or
double.
Include all temperature changes
and what's happening to the molecules. |
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3. Give the groups involved - relative
sizes and
participant types - in each stage of clinical trials. |
PHASE 1
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PHASE 2
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PHASE 3
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PHASE 4
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| 4. For each step in the theoretical
development of Life on Earth,
put them in
chronological order,
from earliest to latest,
1 - 8 in the boxes to the left. |
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Cambrian
Explosion |
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Prokaryote
Cells
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Primordial
Soup
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Life on
Land
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Aerobic
Respiration |
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"Snowball"
Period
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Photosynthesis
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Molecular
Evolution
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| 5. What are four different conditions that a
"Hardy-Weinberg allele population" must have? |
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| 6. Two-section question on mass extinctions |
6a. What step pretty much
always happens in
-
mass extinctions? |
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| 6b. Three different possible
causes of mass extinctions - |
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7. Describe (don't just give a simple label!)
four
different isolating situations that can lead to the evolution of new species
from the same starting group. |
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| 8. What are four different things that
happen during the
lab process of protein electrophoresis? |
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Link
to Answer Key
BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose
points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is
possible.
Why are most genetic diseases recessive? Three Points.
When does linkage get broken? Three Points.
What is a phage? Three Points.
Rosalind Franklin was a critical contributor to the work of
Watson and Crick, yet was largely ignored. Why? Three Points for each valid
reason.
The current definition of epigenetic doesn't even fit
inside the original definition. Why not? Three Points.
One of our human chromosomes used to be two - how do we
know? Two Points for each piece of evidence.
Herbalists consider pharmaceutical researchers' criticisms
of them unfair - what reason do they often give? Three Points.
Why is it called "Southern" blot? Three Points.
"Ancient Chinese medicine" was invented by the Chinese
government - why? Three Points.
What is the typical homeopathy treatment? Three Points.
In gene therapy, what is the primary obstacle? Three
Points.
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