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BIO 171 - Fourth Exam - 2018
Multiple Choice.
Place the letter of the choice that best answers the question on the line to the
left.
Two Points Each. NOTE: “e” answers are never the correct
answer.
_______ 1. The first known oncogenes
turned out to be
a. Proofreaders b. Tumor
suppressors c. Apoptosis initiators
d. Mitosis initiators
e. Not as friendly as they first appeared
_______ 2. Position effects refers to
where _____ are.
a. Chromosomes b. Centromeres
c. Ribosomes d. Genes
e. The things I studied
_______ 3. The “Snowball Period” changed
life on Earth by
a. Bringing in water b.
Concentrating primordial soup c.
Increasing competition
d. Stopping chemosynthesis
e. Making it all about winter funtime
_______ 4. Why is it almost unheard of to have a
muscle cancer?
a. Muscle cells don’t mutate
b. Muscle cells use the “wrong” genes
c. Muscle cells don’t divide
d. Muscle cell repair is too strong
e. Muscle cells can’t even spell cancer
_______5. Which is being described as gene editing?
a. Polymerase chain reaction b.
CRISPR c. Knockout strains
d. Fluorescent tagging
e. Whatever Gene does in his word processor
_______6. In a double-stranded chromosome,
a telomere can be found
a. Holding each strand together b.
Side-by-side - it is the name of the strands
c. Only during telophase
d. At the end of each strand
e. Only if you really really want to find it
_______7. Which cells are hybridized to produce
monoclonal antibodies?
a. Bone marrow & skin b. Spleen
& cancer c. Lymphoid & liver
d. Pancreas & skin
e. Mono & clonal
_______8. The famous “plant problem”
involves
a. Food chains b. Environmental
toxins b. Beginnings of Life
d. The nature of sunlight e. They’re
going to rise up and choke us in our sleep
_______9. Checkpoint inhibitors are active
in
a. Translation b. Transcription
c. Plasmid transfer d. Cancer
e. That big wall they’re maybe building
_______10. Chaperonins are involved in
a. Splicing mRNA b. Carrying
tRNA c. Shaping proteins
d. Fixing mutations
e. Spoiling intracellular parties
_______11. Chemotherapy
cocktails involve
a. Different targets together b.
Different cancers together c.
Reduction of side effects
d. Different stages together
e. A little relaxation. And ethanol toxicity.
_______12. An anticodon would be
on which molecule?
a. Amino acid b. DNA
c. messenger RNA d. transfer RNA
e. Sounds like something to stop a cough
_______13. Developing antibodies using
“pure” antigens may not work due to issues with the
a. Prosthetic groups b.
Specificity c. Epitope
d. Alleles e. Antiantibodies
_______14. Non-sex chromosomes from gendered
parents may still be naturally different due to
a. Imprinting b. Nondisjunction
c. Translocation d. Hybrid vigor
e. Being pink or blue
_______15. Aneuploidy is a common feature
of cancer cells, where they
a. Mimic regular body cells
b. Have the wrong number of chromosomes
c. Use regular body systems to help them spread
d. Refuse to differentiate
e. Wear a hat and use makeup as a disguise
_______ 16. Living things most likely colonized the
land from
a. Swamps and forests b. Beaches
and islands c. Swamps and islands
d. Tidal pools and shallow fresh water
e. Their waterfront properties
_______17. Stroma is
a. The working area around active ribosomes
b. The zone associated with the prokaryote chromosome
c. Where the first “living” molecular complexes collected
d. The matrix of a tumor
e. A word to be said in a deep voice
_______18. No matter what the cause, any mass
extinction event must
a. Lower the average temperature b.
Raise the average temperature
c. Eliminate most of the plants
d. Block out a significant amount of light
e. File the proper paperwork before beginning
Short Answer.
Pick NINE questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than nine, only the first nine
will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.
| 1. Name two different “aids to transcription” that are
on
the chromosome but not part of the transcribed gene. |
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| 2. Two pre-existing systems / abilities that may have
combined to form the first photosynthesis system- |
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3. Why might a no carbohydrate diet be a possible way to
deal with cancer?
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4. What two areas of well-funded medical research are
focused on telomerase?
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5. When bacteria are exposed to plasmids with useful genes,
how is it determined that they have actually picked them up?
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| 6. The two materials that make up
chromatin - |
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| 7. Electrophoresis separates
proteins based upon what two
molecular features? |
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8. In prokaryotes, genes on the chromosome often follow a
pattern that rarely shows up in eukaryote chromosomes. What is that pattern?
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9. Briefly explain the relationship between closely-related
individuals mating and lethal genes, including why they are “lethal.”
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| 10. Two different possible causes for
mass extinctions - |
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11. Of the point mutations, an addition is
much worse than
a substitution. Explain why.
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| 12. What is the typical epigenetic
modification for - |
DNA?
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HISTONES?
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14. Why does radiation treatment for tumors
involve multiple simultaneous (or nearly simultaneous) beams?
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| 15. Two features the
very first “living systems” had to
have: |
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| 16. Two features the first
“modern” living systems
eventually had to have: |
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17. Why is non-coding DNA used in molecular clocks?
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Long Answer.
Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four
will be corrected.
Seven Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
| 1. Using this DNA code give the
messenger RNA sequence and,
using this chart, give the coded
amino acid sequence. |
Starting________________________________________________________________
Strand
T A C A G C C A A C T G G G C C C G T A G A C G A C
T
mRNA
_____________________________________________________________________
Amino
Acids |
| 2. Give one specific example of something that can
go wrong
in each category to initiate cancerous changes. |
MUTATION
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EPIGENETIC
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DIVISION
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CELL SIGNALLING
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| 3. Give two of each category for continuing a science
education through graduate school. |
| UPSIDE |
DOWNSIDE |
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| 4. For each step in the theoretical
development of Life on Earth,
put them in
chronological order,
from earliest to latest,
1 - 8 in the boxes to the left. |
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Molecular
Evolution |
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Cambrian
Explosion |
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Prokaryote
Cells
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Primordial
Soup
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Life on
Land |
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Aerobic
Respiration |
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"Snowball"
Period
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Photosynthesis
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| 5. Give the steps that repeat in the
Polymerase Chain
Reaction. There is not a set number, since some steps can be seen as single or
double. Include all temperature changes and what's happening to the molecules. |
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| 6. Give one type of data collected in each
stage of
clinical trials. |
PHASE 1
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PHASE 2
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PHASE 3
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PHASE 4
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7. What are three different things that happen particularly
during metastasis?
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| 8. For mass spectroscopy - |
Involves separation of molecules by -
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Basic process –
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Link to Answer Key
BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the rest of the
exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.
Which type of protein relies a lot on RNA splicing during
production? Three Points.
Chaperonins turned out to be essentially the same as what
other already-known proteins? Three Points.
Two chimpanzee chromosomes are equivalent to one human
chromosome. Give one way that we know this. Three Points.
What is significant about our local “Petrified Gardens”?
Three Points.
What was the first indication that there had been a
Snowball Period? Three Points.
Terrestrial animals that become aquatic are almost never
active breathing water. Why? Three Points.
What is Nemesis? The thing, not the definition. Three
Points.
What does undifferentiated but not undifferent mean? Three
Points.
What major advantage does science graduate school have over
places like medical schools? Three Points.
How are generic drugs often different from the originals,
other than price? Three Points.
Why is it called Southern blot? Three Points.
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