SC 135 - First Exam Spring 2011

 

Links connect to relevant parts of the online book.

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best answers the question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.

 

 

1.   The most common point at which peer review enters into modern science happens when

 

_______                a.  Hypotheses are being formed                    b.  Experiments are being designed                    c.  Results are being processed

d.  Research is being published                                        e.  Everybody gets together to bother the patients

 

 

 

2.   In any ecosystem,

 

_______                a.  Materials get recycled but energy is largely lost                    b.  Energy gets recycled and materials are largely lost

c.  Energy and materials are largely lost                                   d.  Energy and materials get recycled

                                                e.  Largely?  Is largely even a word?

 

 

 

3.   At deep-ocean hydrothermal vents, the process at the bottom of the food chain is

 

_______                   a.  Respiration                       b.  Metabolism          c.  Chemosynthesis            d.  Photosynthesis                e.  Something foody

 

 

 

4.    Which is needed for statistical processing?

 

_______                a.  Conclusive data                           b.  Reproducible data                    c.  Qualitative data                           d.  Quantitative data

                                                              e.  Well, I=m guessing some sort of data...

 

 

 

5.   The best way to reduce the effect of pure chance on an experiment is through

 

_______                    a.  Many repetitions                         b.  Well-planned hypotheses                        c.  Using advanced statistics         

                                d.  Eliminating bias                                                e.  Ahhh, just ignore it - what could it hurt?

 

 

 

6.   Which is true?

 

a.  Proteins code for DNA, which does cell chemistry                 b.  DNA codes for proteins, which do cell chemistry

_______                c.  Proteins and DNA both do chemistry and coding                    d.  Proteins and DNA both do coding, but only proteins do chemistry

                                                                    e.  Huh?   What?   Huh?

 

7.    Which is true?

 

_______                a.  Organelles contain tissues, tissues contain cells                    b.  Tissues contain cells, cells contain organelles

c.  Cells contain tissues, tissues contain organelles                    d.  Tissues contain organelles, organelles contain cells

                                    e.   What is this, rock, paper scissors for crazy people?

 

 

 

 

8.   The timing of the most-used molecular clock is set by

 

_______                    a. Atomic charges                 b.  Fossil layers                     c.  Radioactivity                d. Point mutations

                                                                                e.  Turning the little crank in the back

 

 

 

 

9.   Life coming from non-living objects is called

 

_______                    a.  Null life                          b.  Spontaneous generation                c.  Special development                    d.  Special species

                                                         e.  Horror movie standard plot

 

 

 

 

10.    Prokaryotes are different from eukaryotes - prokaryotes

 

_______                a.  Are more complex                                  b.  Have nuclei                        c.  Never form multicelled systems

                            d.  Are the same as viruses                                        e.  Love Jersey Shore (eukaryotes love The Bachelor)

 

 

 

 

11.   The possibility that a hypothesis is wrong is covered by

 

_______                a.  The null hypothesis                    b.  Experimental negation                    c.  The counter-hypothesis            

                             d.  The untest                                                            e.  Everyone pointing and laughing

 

 

 

 

                    12.   The simplest viruses are

 

_______                a.  Cells with very few chemicals in them                                                 b.  Cells with just DNA in them

c.   Protein casings around a small DNA molecule                                    d.  Clusters of very simple cells

                                e.  Always being picked on by the better-developed viruses

SHORT ANSWER.  

 

Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.

Note:  if you answer more than eight, only the first eight  will be corrected.

You can get partial credit on these answers.

 

1.   What are the two Ablindness levels@ in a double-blind test?

2.   What are two different things that all living things are supposed to have or do, but viruses don=t?

3.   Put the following groups in order from the largest to the smallest:  Class, Family, Genus, Kingdom, Order, Phylum, Species, Subfamily, Superclass.
1	4	7
2	5	8
3	6	9

4.   What does ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny mean?

5.  What makes an organism colonial?  (Not just single-celled, but any colonial)

6.   What is the current best way to decide that a group is a species?

7.   In scientific research, what are artifacts?

8.   Why are molecules like DNA easy to compare for classification studies?

9.   What are two aspects of the basic system of modern science?  (NOT details of scientific method, but general features of the whole system)

10.   What are the two different general ways that indirect observations are made?

11.   What are the levels, in order, or a typical food chain?

12.   What is one reason why embryos hold on to similarities long after later forms lose their similarities?

13a.   If someone has a dispute about how a group is classified, what are they allowed to do?

13b.  In such a dispute, what are they not allowed to do?

14.   What is the main driving force of dramatic evolutionary changes?

LONG  ANSWER. 

 

Answer any four of the following questions for Eight Points Each.

Note:  if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.

You can get partial credit on these answers.

 

1a.   In biology, define analogous structures.	1b.  Define homologous structures.
1c.  What happens in convergent evolution?	1d.  What happens in divergent evolution?

2.   Put these in order so that later levels contain the next earlier one:  Community, Ecosystem, Individual, Population.

4.    Give the following for asexual reproduction -
BASIC DEFINITION
ADVANTAGE compared to sexual
DISADVANTAGE compared to sexual

5.  What are four basic features that all living things are supposed to have?

6.   Answer the following about classic Scientific Method:
Two features a good hypothesis should have
Role served by the experimental variable
Purpose of the control test

7.   Give two different rules that apply to each in binomial nomenclature
FIRST WORD
SECOND WORD
ENTIRE NAME