SCI 135 - Third Exam Spring 2014

Links connect to relevant parts of the online book.

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE. 

 

On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best  answers the question.

Three Points Each.          NOTE:  "e" answers are never the correct answer.

 

                        1.   Chaperonins and prions are both involved in

_______                       a.  Transcription                                 b.  Translation

                                    c.   DNA repair                                  d.   Protein folding

                                    e.   Making all of these terms confusing

 

                        2.   When a freshwater plant moves phosphate from the low-concentration

                                                area of the pond into the higher-concentration area of the

                                                cytoplasm, that is

_______                       a.  Synthesis                                                  b.  Exocytosis                       

                                    c.  Active transport                                        d. Passive transport

                                                e.  Probably going to get someone in trouble

 

 

                        3.   Apoptosis would result in a cell being

_______                       a.  Mobile with pseudopods              b.  Differentiated

                                    c.  Dead                                         d.  Prepped for division          

                                                          e.  A new Daddy?

 

                        4.  Which would be a part of every chromosome?

_______                       a.  Ribosomes                                   b.  Nucleolus

                                    c.  Microfilaments                             d.  Histones

                                    e.  Well,”chromo” is definitely in there…

 

                        5.   During which stage(s) of the cell cycle would cytokinesis definitely

                                                not happen?

_______                       a.  Interphase only                             b.  Prophase and metaphase

                                    c.  Metaphase and anaphase               d.  Anaphase and telophase

                                    e.  Well, you can’t do it when someone is looking…

 

                        6.  When dominant-recessive hybrids are crossed

                                    a.  Offspring may show the recessive trait

                                    b.  Offspring only show the dominant trait

_______                       c.  All offspring are hybrids as well

                                    d.  All of the above

                                    e.  What kind of weird stuff are we talking about here?

 

                        7.   Microvilli would aid a cell involved in

_______                       a.  Mobility                                    b.  Reproduction

                                    c.  Absorption                                d.  Disease resistance

                                                      e.  Shady business dealings

 

 

 

                        8.    What makes rough endoplasmic reticulum “rough”?

_______                       a.  DNA                           b.  Cell walls                      c.  Ribosomes

                                   d.  Microfilaments              e.  It grew up in a bad neighborhood

 

 

 

                        9.   When conditions change, there are often already mutations within a

                                                population that give advantages to the new conditions. 

                                                What explains how those mutations were just “hanging

                                                around” to be there when relevant?

_______                       a.  Cell cycle order                             b.  Hardy-Weinberg rule

                                    c.  Isolation types                              d.  Position effect

                                             e.  The Theory of Genetic Street Corners

 

 

 

                        10.  Storage and processing of RNA is done specifically in the

 _______                       a.  Nucleolus                                      b.  Golgi bodies

                                    c.  Nuclear envelope                            d.  MTOC

                                    e.  Back of a “service station” on 58th street

 

 

 

                        11.    Telomerase would be least active cells under which condition?

_______                       a.  Sex cell formation                        b.  Embryonic development

                                    c.  Cancer growth                             d.  Old age

                        e.  Is that what they sing in the background of “The Lion Sleeps Tonight”?

 

 

 

                        12.  Nervous systems develop from

_______                       a.  Mesoderm                         b.  Endoderm                          c.  Ectoderm

                                    d.  Dendroderm                      e.  Dermaderm…aderm…aderm…

 

 

SHORT ANSWER.   

 

Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.

Note:  if you answer more than eight, only the first eight  will be corrected.

You can get partial credit on these answers.

 

1.   For high chromosome numbers, compared to low ones -

ADVANTAGE?

 

 

 DISADVANTAGE?

2.   With modern knowledge, what is actually being altered over time when evolution acts on a population?

 

 

 

3.   Why is it called a nuclear envelope rather than just a nuclear membrane?

 

 

 
4.   What two different abilities do “successful” HIV escape mutants have?


 
5.    Briefly explain,  for the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes -

Why

   it’s

fluid -

How

it’s a

mosaic -
6.   What two major but totally different functions occur during interphase?


 

7.   Briefly explain how an individual winds up with extra copies of a few genes.

 

 

 

 
8.  What are two strong pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiosis theory?


 
9.   Put these in the order that they happen:  fertilization, fusion, meiosis, mitosis.
1 2 3 4

10.  A human cell with a lot of Golgi bodies would be probably very involved in what function for the body?

 

 

 

11.  Briefly explain why an addition point mutation can be particularly dangerous.

 

 

 

 

12.  What are two different functions (not just terms) for proteins embedded in cell membranes?


 

13.  What is the “pull strength” rule for spindle fibers? 

 

 

 

14.  What is meant by genetic linkage?

 

 

 

15.  When radiation cause multiple DNA breaks, give two different ways that the damage can lead to cell death.


 

 

LONG  ANSWER. 

 

Answer any four of the following questions for Eight Points Each.

Note:  if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.

You can get partial credit on these answers.

 

1.    Using this DNA code give the messenger RNA sequence and, using the chart attached to the back of the exam, give the coded amino acid sequence.

Starting_____________________________________________________________________________________

Strand   T A C  C  G  A  A  G  G  T  A  G  C  C  A  T  G  C  A  C  A  G  C  G  A C  T

 

mRNA   ____________________________________________________________________________________

 

Amino

  Acids

 

2.    What are three sets of differences between mitosis and meiosis?
MITOSIS MEIOSIS


 


 


 

 

3.   Give three sets of differences between -
FLAGELLA CILIA


 


 


 

 

4.   Name or give a function (but not both as 2 answers) performed by a 4 vesicles or vacuoles.


 


 

 

5.   Describe (don’t just give a term) four different types of reproductive isolation.



 



 

 

6.  Give three sets of differences (other than the associated genders) between -
EGG CELLS SPERM

 

 

 

 

7.   What are three different ways that fresh-water organisms deal with osmosis?
 




 

 

 

Link to Answer Key.

 

BONUS QUESTIONS. 

 

Answer as many as you are able.  Wrong answers will not result in points being lost from the main exam.   You can get partial credit on these answers.

 

What “cell abilities” do you NOT want activated in cancer cells?  Three Points Each.

 

 

 

 

In the lab, what purpose was served by the salt in the salt solution?  Three Points.

 

 

 

Why did Mendel grow pea plants?  Three Points.

 

 

 

Why is it okay to call the Y chromosome the “male” chromosome, but  wrong to call the X chromosome the “female” chromosome?  Three Points.

 

 

 

Viruses generally don’t use the host cell’s DNA proofreading chemistry.  How is this useful to the viruses?  Three Points.

 

 

 

Cancer treatment causes side effects mostly because the treatments affect what type of cells other than cancer cells?  Three Points.

 

 

What are the causes of the two types of mosaicism?  Three Points Each.

 

 

 

 

What is probably true of organisms that have no response to destructive polyspermy?  Three Points.

 

 

 

Why are some types of isolation really difficult to observe?  Three Points.

 

 

 

 

 

SCI 135 

Michael McDarby