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SCI 135 - Third Exam Fall 2015
Links connect to relevant
parts of the online book.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice
that best answers the question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct
answer.
1.
What is the critical change
in HIV escape mutants?
_______ a. They become much more highly
infective
b. Their antigens change
c. They are able to survive outside the body
d. They invade the bone marrow
e. They look like little ninja turtles
2.
Chromatin is made up of
DNA and
_______ a. Spindles
b. Nuclear envelope c. Histones
d. RNA e. Um, tin-?
3.
Crossing over usually
happens during
_______ a. Mitosis I
b. Mitosis II c. Meiosis I
d. Meiosis II e. Star Wars XXII
4.
Without chaperonins, cell
proteins would
_______ a. Not form their proper shapes
b. Get recycled
c. Not get to where they’re used
d. Not be made
e. Do things that would show up in shared phone files
5. Cytoskeleton has which structures?
_______ a. Microvilli & microfilaments
b. Microvilli & Cytotubules
c. Cytofilaments & microvilli
d. Microfilaments & Microtubules
e. It’s probably not microbones, huh?
6.
Translocation mutations can often lead to
_______ a. Radiation damage
b. Development of new alleles c.
Cell death
d. Position effects
e. Suddenly understanding Swedish
7. It is now
understood that evolution changes
_______ a. A population’s surroundings
b. RNA to DNA c. Allele
ratios
d. Whatever will be needed later
e. This species-thingee into that species-thingee
8. A
zygote becomes an embryo by
_______ a. Mitosis
b. Differentiation c.
Fusion d.
Meiosis
e. Taking a tough multiple-choice exam
9. Pancreas cells that secrete the
protein insulin must have
_______ a. Ribosomes
b. Vesicles c. Golgi bodies
d. All of the above e. An
insulin license
10.
Mice with a right side – left side switch had what
kind of mutation?
_______ a. Translocation
b. HOX gene c.
Dominant
d. Recessive
e. Is that where switch-hitters in baseball come from?
11.
Transfer RNA attaches to
_______ a. Messenger RNA & an amino acid
b. Messenger RNA & DNA
c. DNA & proteins
d. DNA & the nuclear envelope
e. Any molecule that pays attention to it
12.
Cytokinesis could happen in
_______ a. Prophase or telophase
b. Metaphase or anaphase
c. Interphase or telophase
d. Prophase or anaphase
e. Las Vegas – anything can happen there, according to the ads...
SHORT ANSWER.
Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight
will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1.
What are two different molecular complex organelles? |
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2a. What are Barr bodies?
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2b. Why do Barr bodies exist?
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3. Briefly explain why an addition
point mutation should be
much more damaging than a substitution.
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| 4. When radiation causes multiple DNA breaks, cells often
die for what two common reasons? |
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| 5. Embryos eventually form
three cell layers that go one to
be different parts of the animal. Name a layer and give one system that develops
from that layer. |
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7. Give two pieces of evidence supporting the idea that
chloroplasts were originally endosymbionts. |
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8. What does telomerase do?
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9. Briefly explain how a
prion infection can kill a cell.
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10. Under an electron microscope, why does rough
endoplasmic reticulum look rough?
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11. For a high chromosome number, compared to a low
chromosome number - |
BASIC
ADVANTAGE?
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BASIC
DISADVANTAGE?
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12. What, technically, is a gene?
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13. Homologous chromosomes are matched pairs. What exactly
matches between them?
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14. Two different structures that attach at centromeres - |
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15. During fertilization, only the sperm
nucleus gets into
the egg cell. What would be bad about other parts entering?
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16. Briefly explain the concept of hybrid vigor.
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LONG ANSWER.
Answer any four of the following questions for Eight Points
Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four
will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. For the four phases of mitosis (so
not the one between),
name the phases in order and give one specific thing for each that happens
particularly in that phase. |
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2. Describe (don’t just give a term)
four different types
of reproductive isolation. |
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3. Give three sets of differences between - |
| FLAGELLA |
CILIA |
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4.
Using this DNA code give the messenger RNA sequence and,
using
this chart, give the coded amino acid sequence. |
Starting___________________________________________________________________________
Strand
T A C C A A A G T A G G C A T C C A T A G T G G A T
T
mRNA
____________________________________________________________________________
Amino
Acids |
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5. Give three sets of differences (other than the
associated genders) between - |
| EGG CELLS |
SPERM |
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6. Name or
give a function (but not both as 2 answers)
performed by 4 vesicles or vacuoles. |
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7.
Pick two of these three genetics
terms, and explain how each one works. |
LINKAGE -
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DOMINANT ALLELES -
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POINT MUTATION -
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Link to
Answer Key
BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers will not
result in points being lost from the main exam. You can get partial credit on
these answers.
To be successful, cancers have to “turn
on” certain genes and abilities the original cells didn’t have
activated. One ability / feature makes a cancer malignant – it
can spread from the original tumor site. What is that ability /
feature? Three Points.
Pick a type of organelle that a cell might not
have, and explain why it wouldn’t have it. Three Points.
Why would a single-celled organism
not do apoptosis? Three Points.
Postmodernism looks at cultural influences on science. What
was postmodern about the resistance put up against the endosymbiosis
theory? Three Points.
What is a karyotype? Three Points.
In what group does the unmatched chromosome pair
produce females? Three Points.
Give an example of how sexual reproduction with
no genders can happen. Three Points.
What sorts of animals do a much better job of DNA
repair than we do? Three Points.
Polyploidy if often a non-deadly
mutation in what group of living things? Three Points.
Through time, some new genes appear. Where
did they probably come from? Three Points.
In the “ball” stage, human embryos
are actually disc-shaped. Why? Three Points.
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