SCI 135 - Fourth Exam Fall 2012

Links connect to relevant parts of the online book.

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best answers the question.

Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.

1. The molecule systems that led to Life are thought to be RNA because

_______ a. RNA is found in all living things

b. RNA can have protein-like and DNA-like properties

c. RNA has been found in fossils

d. RNA is necessary for reproduction

e. RNA is paying everybody off

2. Evolution really alters what aspect of the population over time?

_______ a. Gene pool b. Dominant alleles

c. Isolation category d. Each individual

e. Is it hair styles? …I think it’s hair styles…

3. Which produces the most ATP molecules?

_______ a. Krebs cycle b. Electron transport chain

c. Calvin cycle d. Glycolysis

e. The ATP-industrial complex

4. Carotenoids are used directly in

_______ a. Growth b. Nutrition

c. Fruit coloration d. Respiration

e. Some process I should probably remember

5. During mitosis, one stage is like another in reverse. Those stages are

_______ a. Interphase & metaphase b. Metaphase & anaphase

c. Prophase and metaphase d. Prophase & telophase

e. Forwardphase and backwardphase

6. Coupled reactions are coupled because they

a. Exchange energy

b. Are linked in a pathway

_______ c. Use the same enzymes

d. Use the same cofactors

e. Have found that they are soulmates

7. Polar bodies are

_______ a. Diploid / 2N b. Haploid / 1N

c. Tetraploid / 4N d. Octaploid / 8N

e. Crazyploid / N to the crazy power

8. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by

_______ a. Drawing electrons away b. Adding electrons

c. Lowering activation energy d. Lowering product energy

e. Making them think something is chasing them

9. If plants have no source of nitrate, they particularly can’t

_______ a. Produce ATP b. Make proteins c. Photosynthesize

d. Reproduce e. Take out student loans

10. Differentiation is a process that happens

_______ a. During respiration b. During photosynthesis

c. In an enzyme d. In an embryo

e. On Sesame Street: “Which of these things is not like the other?”

11. What geologic process is happening at hydrothermal vents?

_______ a. Adding to continents b. Adding to width of oceans

c. Tops of volcanoes d. Buildup of sediments

e. When did this become geology class?

12. Plants produce glucose and then use that glucose mostly for

_______ a. Photosynthesis b. Sweetening fruits

c. Energy and structure d. Anaerobic respiration

e. Playing pranks on bees

SHORT ANSWER.

Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.

Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will be corrected.

You can get partial credit on these answers.

1.       In our diets, these are called by what common terms?

COFACTORS

COENZYMES

2. Name two types of isolation that can happen to subgroups that continue to live in the same ecosystem.

3.        Briefly explain how reradiation works.

4. What is panspermia?

5. Cytokinesis can happen during 3 different stages of the cell cycle. Give two.

6.   Two different things that happen during glycolysis -

7. Both of these move through a food chain – eventually, what happens to most of the

MATERIAL?

ENERGY?

8. If a system gets too warm, why don’t the enzymes work as well?

9.   What are the two different major functions of interphase?

10. The three steps in the basic food chain -

11. Oxygen debt normally -

Happens in

what type of

tissue?

Builds up what

molecule that must

be “paid off” with oxygen?

12. How does hybrid vigor work?

13. Two different forms of nitrogenous wastes -

14. What is primordial soup?

15. Explain how one of the types of genetic redundancy works.

LONG ANSWER.

Answer any four of the following questions for Eight Points Each.

Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.

You can get partial credit on these answers.

1.       At the points labeled with the stars, attach the appropriate labels from this list:

Violet.   X-Ray. InfraRed. Red.   Blue.   Ultraviolet.

             High Frequency \                Visible Range               /           Low Frequency

               *                       * /    *       *                               *       \   *

2.       What are four different things that make the process of meiosis different from the process of mitosis?

3.   For the main photosynthesis reactions:

Name

Exact Materials or Energy Used

Exact Materials Produced

4.       Briefly describe the three different ways that enzyme inhibition can work.

5. Below is a graph showing how enzyme activity, measured through the rate of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme, reacts to changes in pH (NOT temperature!). Fill in: A) The name given to the pH where the graph peaks; B) Why the graph peaks there; C) and D) What=s happening to the enzyme molecules as the rate drops off (C) below the peak; and (D) above the peak.

                                                                         A
                                                                          *
                                                                  *                *
                                                              *                        *
Reaction                                      C    *                             *   D
Rate                                                 *                                   *
                                                       *                                       *
                                                  *                                                    *
                                         *                                                                       *
                          *****                                                                                         ******
                                                                           B
                                                                               Increasing pH —>

6. According to the Hardy-Weinberg rules, what are four different things that have to be true about a population for there to be NO change in allele frequencies over time?

7.    What are four different ways that anaerobic organisms impact humans?

Link to Answer Key

BONUS QUESTIONS.

Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers will not result in points being lost from the main exam. You can get partial credit on these answers.

How was it determined that the spindles didn’t pull the chromosome copies apart? Three Points.

Embryos go through a “ball” stage that isn’t a ball in humans – what shape is it (3 Points) and why is it that shape (3Points)?

Hardy-Weinberg applied what other subject to biology / genetics? Three Points.

Enzymes and similar catalysts help speed up chemical reactions. What else can speed up a reaction? Three Points.

What things commonly cause irreversible enzyme inhibition? Three Points.

What non-digestive system do intestinal symbionts interact with? Three Points.

Calories are technically a measurement of what energy? Three Points.

What the difference (not counting the capitalization) between calories and Calories? Three Points.

Before evolution was recognized as a process, study of fossils showed a different process that was thought of as unbiblical. What was the process? Three Points.

Where did the materials in the primordial soup come from? Three Points.