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SCI 135 - Fourth Exam Spring 2015
Links connect to relevant
parts of the online book.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice
that best answers the question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct
answer.
1.
Differentiation involves
_______ a. The same enzyme doing different jobs
b. How members of groups do different jobs
c. Embryo cells using different genes to do different jobs
d. Air for respiration moving between different pressure zones
e. A really terrible way to lead off an exam
2.
When sperm and
egg cell nuclei fuse, that cell is
now
_______ a. An egg
b. A fetus c. An embryo
d. A zygote e. Headed for
trouble
3.
What part of a population
really changes during
evolution?
_______ a. Gene pool
b. RNA types c. Organelles
d. Environment
e. Where they order their pizza
4. Which would use heat as a main
energy source?
_______ a. Embryo development
b. Enzyme action
c. Chemosynthesis
d. Photosynthesis
e. That thing your brother does to your wrist
5.
A reaction that
releases enough energy to keep itself going is
_______ a. Metabolic b. High-efficiency c. Endergonic
d. Exergonic e. Always bragging about it
6.
The most likely "staging areas" for the
invasion of the
land from the water:
_______ a. Fresh water and hydrothermal vents b. Fresh water and tidal zones
c. Tidal zones and hydrothermal vents d. Fresh water and underground
e. Atlantis and Venice
7. When a small group migrates away and has
only those
alleles present to pass on to their
descendants, this is
_______ a. Genetic drift b. Founder effect c. Mutation d. Habitat isolation e. Tough luck
8. A layer of rusty sediments in the ancient fossil record
marks when
_______ a. Life went onto land b. Photosynthesis spread
c. People first appeared
d. Dinosaurs disappeared e. Atlantis' junkyards sank
9.
When people compare the efficiency of different types of
respiration, they are generally measuring
_______ a. ATP production b. Oxygen use
c. Glucose production d. Nitrate use
e. Aren't
they measuring the efficiency???
10. When a group goes almost extinct, reduced to a
small fractional group, this is
_______ a. Genetic drift b. Bottleneck
effect c. Mutation d. Habitat isolation e. Tough luck
11. The early oceans had an oily "scum" on the
surface that contributed to the development of
_______ a. Protocells b. DNA c.
Digestion d. Flotation e. Politics
12.
Which are vitamins?
_______ a. Carbohydrates b.
Minerals c. Lipids d. Coenzymes
e. Do they have letters? They need
letters...and sometimes numbers...
SHORT ANSWER.
Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points
Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight
will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
| 1. Fill in for one of the embryonic cell layers
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CELL
LAYER - |
An organ /
structure / system
derived from that layer - |
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2. Describe (don't just give a term for) two different
types of reproductive isolation that can split off a subgroup living in the same
place as the main group. |
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3. What are two different types of
nitrogenous wastes? |
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4. What does it mean if an enzyme has
high specificity?
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5. What are two different groups of living things that
would contain many species of decomposers? |
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6. In every mass extinction event, the trigger has to
make
something happen early to actually bring about the extinctions - what's the
something?
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7. According to theory, when the Earth's "living things"
were just big organic molecules, what are two abilities those
molecules had to
have to lead on to current forms of life? |
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8. According to theory, what are two abilities the first
truly "living" systems needed eventually to lead on to current forms of life? |
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9. According to the Hardy-Weinberg rule, what are
two
different non-selection-related features that must apply to keep an allele's
presence steady over time? Remember, some features are "must be" and some are
"must not be". |
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10. What are two different ways that
carotenoids get used? |
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11. Briefly, what is the panspermia?
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12. As energy moves, level-by-level, up a food chain, the
laws of thermodynamics apply to things that happen. Give the
law (name or
number) for each of these - |
Some energy gets
lost as random motion /
heat at every transfer.
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There's less energy
in every level, but
the rest has to be somewhere. |
13. When enzyme activity is graphed for
pH, the rates drop
off on either side of the optimum. Why?
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14a. What sort of organism helpers were probably essential
to plants being able to move onto land?
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14b. What function do these organisms perform for the
plants?
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LONG ANSWER.
Answer any four of the following questions for Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four
will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. What are four different ways that anaerobic organisms
impact humans? |
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2.
For each step in the theoretical development of Life on
Earth, put them in chronological order,
from earliest
to latest, 1 - 8 in the boxes to the left. |
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Cambrian
Explosion |
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Prokaryote
Cells
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Primordial
Soup
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Life on
Land
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Aerobic
Respiration |
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"Snowball"
Period
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Photosynthesis
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Molecular
Evolution
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3.
Briefly describe the three different ways that
enzyme
inhibition can work.
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4. For oxygen debt - |
Tissue it
happens in - |
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Conditions it
happens during |
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What is
it? |
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5. At the points labeled with the stars, attach the
appropriate labels from this list:
Violet. X-Ray. InfraRed. Red. Blue. Ultraviolet. |
High Frequency \ Visible Range / Low Frequency
* * / * * * \ *
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6. For the main photosynthesis reactions: |
Name
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| Exact Materials or Energy Used
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| Exact Materials Produced |
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7. Answer the questions on the graph for the
relationship
between enzyme activity and temperature. A. Why is the rate dropping off here? B. What is
this point called? C. Why is the rate
rising here? |
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*
*
*
*
*
Reaction
C *
* A
Rate
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*****
******
B
Temperature ---->
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Link
to Answer Key
BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers will not
result in points being lost from the main exam. You can get partial credit on
these answers.
One of the first HOX genes was discovered in fruit flies,
then an equivalent found in mice. What feature were those genes associated with?
Three Points.
Embryos go through a “ball” stage that isn’t a ball in
humans – what shape is it (3 Points) and why is it that shape (3Points)?
When hybrid vigor was first discovered, it connected what
two diseases? Three Points Each.
What species have gone through a bottleneck? Three Points
each.
What surprising discovery was made about populations that
had been inbreeding for a long time? Three Points.
The optimal temperature of what human process is about 93o
F? Three Points.
What's the difference (not counting the capitalization)
between calories and Calories? Three Points.
If a pet doesn’t need a particular vitamin in their food,
what is probably true of their metabolism? Three Points.
Why do trees change color in the fall? What happens? Five
Points.
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