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SC 139 - First Exam 2016
Numbers are linked to relevant passages
in the book.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice
that best answers the question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct
answer.
1. Which is true?
_______ a. Mutation is the only way to
produce evolutionary change
b. Evolution works faster in things that reproduce quickly
c. Sexual reproduction always requires two parents
d. All organisms evolve at about the same pace
e. Why does none of this look familiar?
2. In which system does a “family tree”
branch when important features appear?
_______ a. Taxodermy
b. Systematics c. Genetics
d. Cladistics e. The branchy-features
system
3. What material needs to be present to
preserve fossil footprints?
_______ a. Volcanic ash
b. A type of tree sap c. Slimy mud
d. Tar
e. Well, you need footprints – is that a material?
4. Which is defined from group
behavior in the natural habitat?
_______ a. Metabolism
b. Evolution c. Species
d. Confounding factors
e. How viral a meme is
5. The experimental variable
should vary
_______ a. Between the beginning and the
results
b. Among different experimental tests
c. Between the experimental test and the control test
d. Whenever you measure it
e. Because if it didn’t, it would be an invariable
6. Which would most likely be a product of
HOX genes?
_______ a. Reproductive behavior
b. Differences between two populations of the same species
c. Adult strength
d. Determination of front end and back end
e. They control slang terms after they’re no longer trendy
7. Which is associated with more cell division
mistakes?
_______ a. Paired chromosomes
b. High chromosome number
c. Mismatched chromosomes
d. Low chromosome number
e. Texting while dividing
8. Populations typically evolve rapidly when
_______ a. They need to improve
b. Conditions change around them
c. There are many mutations
d. Their variation is limited
e. They can get a big prize
9. The idea of hybrid vigor is used to
explain what in a population?
_______ a. A higher energy production
b. A higher energy consumption
c. A number of genetic disease alleles
d. Development of domesticated animals
e. How people love their tiny cars
10.
Uniformitarianism is a basic idea about
_______ a. How traits get passed on
b. How organisms evolve
c. Microscope lens sequences
d. The Earth’s distant past
e. How to invent really long words
11. Researchers connect fossils to living groups
using mostly
_______ a. Radioactive dating
b. Analogy c. Homology
d. Genetic analysis
e. A really big dartboard
12. Colonial is a term used to describe
_______ a. Darwin’s theory of movement to
islands
b. How genes and alleles interact
c. The development of scientific method
d. Unicellular organisms that act multicellular
e. Those bloody Americans to a Londoner
SHORT ANSWER.
Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight
will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. For the types of living things found most commonly
as fossils, give two different features they had when
they were alive that contributed to them becoming fossils. |
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2. What is the basic idea of “ontogeny
recapitulates phylogeny”?
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3. Why was the concept now called
artificial selection so critical to
Darwin’s eventual ideas?
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4. What’s the main distinction between
prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Be sure to include which
one has what. |
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5. Briefly explain how
convergent evolution works.
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6. Give two different reasons
why a researcher might be forced to do field
study. |
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7. When it was suggested that fossils
were the remains of extinct animals, what
accepted view of the world, based on an older
interpretation of the Bible, was suddenly
at risk?
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8. Lamarck is best known for what
mistaken idea about evolution?
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9. What are the two categories of
microscopes, based upon how the microscope’s
beam interacts with the specimens? (NOT based on the type of
beam) |
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10a. What widely-accepted idea was challenged
by Redi’s experiment?
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10b. What specific
change was Redi trying to show didn’t
happen?
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11. In disagreements about
classification, what are scientists - |
NOT
USUALLY
ALLOWED
TO DO? |
ALLOWED
TO DO
EASILY? |
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12. Put the following groups
in
order from the
largest to the smallest: Class, Family,
Genus, Kingdom, Order, Phylum, Species, Subfamily, Superclass. |
| 1 |
4 |
7 |
| 2 |
5 |
8 |
| 3 |
6 |
9 |
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13. In a double-blind drug test,
what two different groups are blinded? |
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14. Why is it useful to section a specimen?
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15. In an experiment, what is an artifact?
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LONG ANSWER.
Answer any four of the following questions for Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four
will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. For four of the six basic
Kingdoms of Life, give the name of the Kingdom
and enough features to clearly set that Kingdom's members apart
from those of the other five. |
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2. What are the four “rules” of the
Cell Theory? |
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3. What are the three bad effects
that Malthus believed would happen to
overpopulated groups in Nature? |
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4. What are four significant ways that
electron microscopes are different
from light microscopes? |
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5. Give two different rules that apply
specifically to each in binomial nomenclature: |
FIRST
WORD |
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SECOND
WORD |
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ENTIRE
NAME |
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6. Give a simple progression,
according to Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection,
from the beginning to the end here - (You can answer the question
correctly and not have the same number of steps as the number of lines
here). |
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environment around a population changes. |
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population can now be considered a new species. |
Link to Answer Key
BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers will not result in points being
lost from the main exam. You can get partial credit on these answers.
The “first” Kingdoms of Nature were Animals, Plants, and
what? Three Points.
Why is variation such an important feature of groups? Three
Points.
Why should the word proof (or prove) not be used for
scientific results? Three Points.
For triple-blind tests, what group is added? Three Points.
What turned out to be wrong with the aluminum produces
Alzheimer’s experiment? Three Points.
Why is the classification guy known as Linnaeus if that
wasn’t his name? Three Points.
Some living things live in “extreme” environments. For Two
Points Each, what are examples of types of such environments?
Ancient people’s creation stories usually explained the
beginning of a world just like the world they lived in. Why did that make sense
at the time? Three Points.
The beginning of Darwin’s most famous book isn’t about
evolution – what’s it about? Three Points.
Where did Alfred Russel Wallace do his work (2 Points), and
why was that a good place to develop his theories (Three Points)?
Why are there almost no dinosaur fossils in New York State?
Three Points.
Why did Mendel use pea plants for his work? Three Points.
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